From: Risk of placental abruption in relation to migraines and headaches
Characteristics | Placental Abruption | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Cases (N = 375) | Controls (N = 368) |  | ||
 | n | % | n | % |  |
Maternal Age at Delivery (years) | 28.4 ± 6.71 |  | 28.0 ± 6.3 |  | 0.38 |
Maternal Age at Delivery (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < 20 | 39 | 10.4 | 30 | 8.2 | 0.30 |
   20-29 | 174 | 46.4 | 191 | 51.9 |  |
   30-34 | 86 | 22.9 | 78 | 21.2 |  |
   ≥ 35 | 75 | 20.0 | 67 | 18.2 |  |
   Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.5 |  |
Parity | 1.32 ± 1.501 |  | 1.46 ± 1.51 |  | 0.19 |
   0 | 161 | 42.9 | 146 | 39.7 | 0.63 |
   1-2 | 143 | 38.1 | 145 | 39.4 |  |
   ≥ 3 | 71 | 18.9 | 77 | 20.9 |  |
≤ High School Education | 241 | 64.3 | 216 | 58.7 | 0.29 |
Employed during Pregnancy | 186 | 49.6 | 176 | 47.8 | 0.66 |
Planned Pregnancy | 133 | 35.5 | 115 | 31.3 | 0.47 |
No Prenatal Care | 41 | 10.9 | 22 | 6.0 | 0.02 |
No Prenatal Vitamin | 57 | 15.2 | 45 | 12.2 | 0.38 |
Smoking during Pregnancy | 8 | 2.1 | 6 | 1.6 | 0.48 |
Alcohol use during Pregnancy | 35 | 9.3 | 30 | 8.2 | 0.67 |
Illicit Drug use during Pregnancy | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.3 | - - - |
Depressive Symptoms3 | 33 | 8.8 | 10 | 2.7 | < 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.71 |  | 23.4 ± 3.5 |  | 0.31 |
Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < 19.8 | 39 | 10.4 | 38 | 10.3 | 0.38 |
   19.8-26.0 | 227 | 60.5 | 245 | 66.6 |  |
   26.1-29.0 | 47 | 12.5 | 36 | 9.8 |  |
   ≥ 29.0 | 27 | 7.2 | 25 | 6.8 |  |
   Missing | 35 | 9.3 | 24 | 6.5 |  |
Chronic Hypertension | 20 | 5.3 | 10 | 2.7 | 0.07 |
Preeclampsia or Eclampsia | 98 | 26.1 | 11 | 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Previous History of Placental Abruption | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.62 |
Infant Birth Weight (grams)2 | 2438 ± 8601 |  | 3306 ± 502 |  | < 0.001 |
Low Birth Weight Infant (< 2500 grams)2 | 196 | 52.3 | 17 | 4.6 | < 0.001 |
Gestational Age at Delivery (weeks)2 | 35.3 ± 3.81 |  | 38.7 ± 1.8 |  | < 0.001 |
Preterm Delivery Infant (< 37 weeks)2 | 204 | 54.4 | 20 | 5.4 | < 0.001 |
C-Section Delivery | 357 | 95.3 | 144 | 39.1 | < 0.001 |
Stillbirth Delivery | 59 | 15.7 | 0 | 0.0 | - - - |