Table 1 Summary of all studies with interventions, level of evidence, quality rating score and age
Studies | Intervention | Hierarchy of Evidence a | Quality Rating Score (%) | Mean age (SD)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bo (1999) | PFMT v BF v ES v control | II | 23/23 (100) | 49.6 (10) |
Morkved (2002) | PFMT v PFMT+BF | II | 22/23 (96) | 47.8 (8.2) |
Dumoulin (2004) | PFMT+ES+BF v PFMT+ES+BF+Ab Ex v control | II | 21/23 (91) | 36.2 (median) (IQ range 23–39) |
Bo (2000) | PFMT | II | 21/23 (91) | 49.6 (10) |
Berghmans (1996) | PFMT v PFMT+BF | II | 20/23 (87) | 48 (range 18–70) |
Knight (1998) | PFMT+BF v PFMT+BF+ES('home') v PFMT+BF+ES('clinic') | II | 17/23 (74) | NR (range 24–68) |
Miller (1998b) | PFMT (motor learning) | II | 17/23 (74) | 68.4 (range 60–84) |
Parkkinen (2004) | PFMT+ES+BF+VW v PFMT+VW | III-2 | 14/19 (74) | 46.8 (range 32–65) |
Wong (2001) | PFMT+BF v PFMT+BF+Ab BF | II | 16/23 (70) | 46 (range 30–62) |
Dumoulin (1995) | PFMT+ES+BF | IV | 13/19 (68) | 32 (9.5) |
Johnson (2001) | PFMT (SVC) v PFMT (NMVC) | II | 15/23 (65) | 50 (35–65) |
Hay-Smith (2002) A | PFMT (motor learning/strength) v PFMT (motor learning) | II | 15/23 (65) | 48.8 (13.2 SD) |
Arvonen (2001) | PFMT v PFMT+VW | II | 15/23 (65) | 48 (range 28–65) |
Cammu & van Nylen (1998) | PFMT+BF v VW | II | 15/23 (65) | 55.9 (9.5) |
Turkan (2005) | PFMT+ES | III-2 | 11/19 (58) | 47.6 (8) |
Pieber (1995) | PFMT+BF v PFMT+BF+VW | II | 13/23 (57) | 43 (+/- 6) |
Chen (1999) | PFMT+ES | IV | 11/19 (58) | NS (range 20 to >50) |
Glavind (1996) | PFMT v PFMT+BF | II | 13/23 (57) | 45 (median)(range 40–48) |
Pages (2001) | PFMT v BF | II | 13/23 (57) | 51.1 (range 27–80) |
Bidmead (2002) A | PFMT v PFMT+ES v PFMT+sham ES v control | II | 10/23 (43) | NR |
Sung (2000) | PFMT | III-2 | 8/19 (42) | range 18 – >60 |
Aksac (2003) | PFMT v PFMT+BF v control | II | 9/23 (39) | 52.9 (7.2) |
Balmforth (2004) A | PFMT+BF | IV | 6/19 (32) | 49.5 (10.6) |
Finkenhagen (1998) A | PFMT | IV | 5/19 (26) | 49 (range 25–67) |