Table 2 Main diagnostic symptoms and signs obtained from history taking and physical examination respectively
From: Clinical diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: a scoping review
Author(s) [Ref.] | Year | Study design | Sample size | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Eskenazi et al. [8] | 2001 | Prospective study (study sample); retrospective record review (test sample). | 90 | Symptoms: Dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, dyspareunia and infertility. |
Signs: Uterosacral ligament scarring, nodularity, or pain, nodularity or pain in the pouch of Douglas, vaginal endometriotic lesions, painful or fixed adnexal masses, and fixed uterus or pain on movement of uterus in pelvic examination. | ||||
Chapron et al. [28] | 2002 | Retrospective analysis | 160 | Signs: Endometriotic lesions seen in speculum examination and classic, painful, spheric nodule or painful induration in palpation. |
Ballweg L M [29] | 2004 | Cross sectional | 7000 | Symptoms: Fatigue, exhaustion, low energy, numerous gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal bloating, diarrhea, painful bowel movements or other intestinal upset, nausea and stomach upset at time of period, a wide range of allergies and allergic disease; heavy or irregular bleeding, pain with or after sex, dizziness and headaches at the time of the period and other debilitating symptoms (unable to carry on normal activities, including work or school), in addition to the classic symptom of pain (dysmenorrhea, pain with or after sex (dyspareunia). Lower back pain, pain in the rectum, irregular bleeding, low resistance to infection, infertility, premenstrual spotting, low-grade fever, Pain related to urination, candidiasis, mid cycle bleeding, mitral valve prolapse. |
Lemaire. [11] | 2004 | Descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study. | 298 | Symptoms: Menstrual cramping, fatigue, lower back pain, heavy menstrual flow, non-period pelvic pain, diarrhea with period, allergy, urinary frequency, pain with intercourse, depressed feelings, constipation, muscle/bone pain, headache, anxious feelings, joint pain, leg pain, spotting between/before periods, rectal pain, urinary infection, yeast infection. |
Cheewadhanaraks et al. [30] | 2004 | Prospective study | 116 | Signs: Tenderness and/or nodularity of the cul-de-sac and/or uterosacral ligament(s). |
Chapron et al. [31] | 2005 | Cross sectional | 134 | Symptoms: Painful defecation during menses, severe dyspareunia, pain other than noncyclic, and previous surgery for endometriosis. |
Ballard and Mangubat. [32] | 2007 | National community-based case–control | 27715 | Symptoms: Pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, menorrhagia, urinary symptoms (dysuria, cystitis, and urinary tract infections), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts. |
Flores et al. [33] | 2008 | Cross sectional | 1285 | Symptoms: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, conceiving problems, chronic pelvic pain, ovarian cysts, migraines, and gynecological infections. |
Greene et al. [34] | 2009 | Cross-sectional | 4334 | Symptoms: Pelvic pain, menstrual pain, ovulatory and nonmenstrual pain, lifetime presence of all three pain types, heavy bleeding, infertility, bowel symptoms, urinary symptoms, pain with urination, nausea/stomach upset or dizziness/headache during menses. |
Ballard et al. [35] | 2010 | Prospective questionnaire-based | 185 | Symptoms: Throbbing pain and dyschezia. |
Abbas et al. [7] | 2012 | Cohort | 62,323 | Symptoms: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, intermenstrual pain, menorrhagia, ovarian cysts, pelvic pain, postcoital bleeding, infertility, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease. |
Nnoaham et al. [36] | 2012 | Prospective, observational, two-phase study | 1,396 | Symptoms: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, Bowel/urinary symptoms, infertility, family history. |
Hadisaputra. [37] | 2013 | Cross sectional | 80 | Symptoms: Infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Signs: Rectovaginal nodule and cervical tenderness. |
Cavaggioni et al. [47] | 2014 | Case- control | 80 | Symptoms: Mood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive malfunction, depression, alexithymia. |
Heitmann et al. [51] | 2014 | Retrospective cohort study | 80 | Symptom: Premenstrual spotting of ≥ _2 days |
Walch et al. [52] | 2014 | Prospective, controlled clinical trial | 102 | Symptom: Cyclic leg pain |
Barbosa et al. [53] | 2014 | Cross sectional | 387 | Symptom: Dysmenorrhea was the only clinical symptom |