Table 4 Attitudes and knowledge about smoking of pregnant women by tobacco exposure status, mean 5-point Likert score (SD)

It is socially acceptable for women to smoke

1.04 (0.22)^a

1.49 (0.96)^a

4.86 (0.33)^a

It is easy to tell others not to smoke at home

2.23 (0.97)^a

2.22 (1.14)^b

3.06 (1.20)^a,b

A pregnant woman’s use of tobacco is harmful to her or her unborn baby’s health

4.79 (0.51)^a

4.22 (1.07)^a

4.12 (0.65)^a

A pregnant woman’s exposure to tobacco smoke of someone else is harmful to her or her unborn baby’s health

4.03 (0.80)^a

3.32 (1.01)^a,b

3.93 (0.37)^b

Tobacco smoke exposure is harmful to a newborn’s health

4.73 (0.62)^a

4.45 (1.00)^b

4.16 (0.45)^a,b