Table 2 Twelve knowledge-based assessments with the number of correct answers

HPV infection and cervical cancer

1. HPV types 16 and 18 are high-risk strains that cause approximately 70% of all cervical cancers.

184 (92.9)

2. Precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer are strongly associated with sexually transmitted high-risk HPV infection, which causes more than 97% of cervical cancers.

166 (83.8)

3. Low-risk HPV (types 6 and 11) causes 90 to 95% of anogenital warts but doesn’t cause cervical cancer.

59 (29.8)

HPV vaccination

4. The HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cancer including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers.

136 (68.7)

5. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended HPV vaccination for boys and girls before 15 years of age and as early as 9 years of age.

104 (52.5)

6. If Cervarix (bivalent vaccine) or Gardasil (quadrivalent vaccine) has already been given, the patient doesn’t need to be revaccinated using Gardasil-9.

91 (46.0)

7. A two-dose series of HPV vaccine is used when initiating therapy before 15 years of age, whereas a three-dose series is required if initiating therapy at 15 years or older.

56 (28.3)

Cervical cancer screening

8. Women who have undergone total hysterectomy unrelated to cancer can stop screening for cervical cancer.

111 (56.1)

9. For women aged 30 to 65 years, co-testing every 5 years is the preferred method of cervical cancer screening.

98 (49.5)

10. Annual screening for cervical cancer is not recommended for women of any age at average risk.

78 (39.4)

11. HPV testing is more sensitive than cytology in detecting CIN2 and CIN3.

77 (38.9)

12. Women with visible cervical lesions on speculum examination should undergo biopsy for cervical cancer.

52 (26.3)