Table 4 Poisson regression output to examine the possible risk factors for GDM, 2019-21, India
Variables | Coefficient | Std. Error | z | p > z | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups | ||||||
15-19 @ | ||||||
20-24 | 0.133 | 0.307 | 0.43 | 0.67 | -0.47 | 0.73 |
25-29 | 0.675 | 0.316 | 2.13 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.29 |
30-34 | 1.006 | 0.349 | 2.88 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 1.69 |
35-39 | 1.575 | 0.387 | 4.07 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 2.33 |
40-44 | 2.297 | 0.500 | 4.59 | 0.00 | 1.32 | 3.28 |
45-49 | 1.774 | 1.061 | 1.67 | 0.09 | -0.30 | 3.85 |
Level of education | ||||||
No education @ | ||||||
Primary | 0.469 | 0.257 | 1.82 | 0.07 | -0.04 | 0.97 |
Secondary | 0.005 | 0.229 | 0.02 | 0.98 | -0.44 | 0.46 |
Higher | -0.272 | 0.301 | -0.90 | 0.37 | -0.86 | 0.32 |
Religion groups | ||||||
Hindus @ | ||||||
Muslims | 0.226 | 0.206 | 1.10 | 0.27 | -0.18 | 0.63 |
Christians | 0.555 | 0.292 | 1.90 | 0.06 | -0.02 | 1.13 |
others | -0.223 | 0.403 | -0.55 | 0.58 | -1.01 | 0.57 |
Caste groups | ||||||
SCs @ | ||||||
STs | -0.476 | 0.278 | -1.71 | 0.09 | -1.02 | 0.07 |
others | 0.510 | 0.267 | 1.91 | 0.06 | -0.01 | 1.03 |
BMI categories | ||||||
Underweight @ | 0.000 | |||||
Normal | 1.054 | 0.345 | 3.05 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 1.73 |
Overweight | 1.174 | 0.373 | 3.15 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 1.90 |
Obese | 1.599 | 0.414 | 3.86 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 2.41 |
Children ever born | ||||||
No child @ | ||||||
One child | -0.109 | 0.175 | -0.62 | 0.53 | -0.45 | 0.23 |
Two children | -0.301 | 0.228 | -1.32 | 0.19 | -0.75 | 0.15 |
Three or more children | -0.673 | 0.278 | -2.42 | 0.02 | -1.22 | -0.13 |
Type of residence | ||||||
Urban @ | ||||||
Rural | 0.168 | 0.196 | 0.86 | 0.39 | -0.22 | 0.55 |
Wealth Index | ||||||
Poorest @ | ||||||
Poorer | 0.167 | 0.217 | 0.77 | 0.44 | -0.26 | 0.59 |
Middle | 0.306 | 0.226 | 1.35 | 0.18 | -0.14 | 0.75 |
Richer | 0.380 | 0.249 | 1.53 | 0.13 | -0.11 | 0.87 |
Richest | 0.117 | 0.305 | 0.38 | 0.70 | -0.48 | 0.71 |
Thyroid disease | ||||||
No @ | ||||||
Yes | 1.295 | 0.253 | 5.13 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 1.79 |
do not know | -15.531 | 4756.408 | 0.00 | 1.00 | -9337.92 | 9306.86 |
Heart disease | ||||||
No @ | ||||||
Yes | 2.328 | 0.354 | 6.58 | 0.00 | 1.64 | 3.02 |
do not know | -15.372 | 5015.501 | 0.00 | 1.00 | -9845.57 | 9814.83 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
No @ | ||||||
Yes | 0.354 | 0.484 | 0.73 | 0.46 | -0.59 | 1.30 |
Smoking | ||||||
No @ | ||||||
Yes | 0.330 | 0.278 | 1.19 | 0.24 | -0.22 | 0.87 |
Constant | -6.775 | 0.503 | -13.47 | 0.00 | -7.76 | -5.79 |