Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (n = 500)

Age

 ≤ 20 years

4

0.8

 21–30 years

260

55.0

 31–40 years

204

43.1

 > 40 years

5

1.1

Mean age ± SD

30.44 ± 4.77 years

Religion

 Christianity

285

57.0

 Islam

215

43.0

Marital Status

 Not currently married

18

3.6

 Currently Married

482

96.4

Educational Status

 Primary

11

2.2

 Secondary

153

30.6

 Tertiary

336

67.2

Family Monthly Income

 < #20,000

69

13.9

 #20,000 - #39,999

117

23.6

 #40,000 - #79,999

173

34.9

 #80,000 - #99,999

63

12.7

 ≥ #100,000

74

14.9

Wife Occupation

 Not Employed

34

6.8

 Employed

466

93.2

Parity

 Nulliparous

228

45.6

 Primiparous

142

28.4

 Multiparous

130

26.0

Lifestyle and Behavioral Characteristics

Dietary diversity

 Adequate

445

89.0

 Inadequate

55

11.0

Walking

 No

75

15.0

 Yes

425

85.0

Moderate physical activity

 No

91

18.2

 Yes

409

81.8

Rigorous physical activity

 No

197

39.4

 Yes

303

60.6

Pre Pregnancy Smoking

 No

484

96.8

 Yes

16

3.2

Currently Smoking

 No

493

98.6

 Yes

7

1.4

Second-hand smoke

 No

486

97.2

 Yes

14

2.8

Pre Pregnancy Alcohol Consumption

 No

457

91.4

 Yes

43

8.6

Currently Alcohol Intake

 No

480

96.0

 Yes

20

4.0