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Table 1 Summary information about treatment and treatment delivery system

From: Are treatments for cervical precancerous lesions in less-developed countries safe enough to promote scaling-up of cervical screening programs? A systematic review

 

Cryotherapy*

LEEP*

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

Indications/contraindications**

    

   Restrictions based on lesion size and extension

8

(72.7)

0

(0.0)

   Transformation zone entirely visible

6

(54.5)

2

(12.5)

   No evidence of invasive disease

6

(54.5)

5

(31.3)

   No history of screening or treatment for CIN

7

(63.6)

2

(12.5)

   No gynecologic abnormality†

4

(36.4)

1

(6.3)

   No severe cervicitis

1

(9.1)

2

(12.5)

   Restrictions for pregnant women††

6

(54.5)

3

(18.8)

   Contraindication to cryotherapy

0

(0.0)

5

(31.3)

Enrollment**

    

   Community outreach

7

(63.6)

4

(25.0)

   Primary care/local health centers

3

(27.3)

1

(6.3)

   Gynecologic clinic/tertiary care

3

(27.3)

10

(62.5)

   Not reported

0

(0.0)

1

(6.3)

Type of treatment center**

    

   Gynecologic clinic/tertiary care

4

(36.4)

12

(75.0)

   District hospital

2

(18.2)

2

(12.5)

   Primary care center/mobile unit

8

(72.7)

1

(6.3)

   Not reported

1

(9.1)

1

(6.3)

Number of treatment centers

    

   One

5

(45.5)

16

(100)

   Two or more

5

(45.5)

0

(0)

   Not reported

1

(9.1)

0

(0)

Operator

    

   Gynecologist, surgeon

1

(9.1)

4

(25.0)

   Doctor, general practitioner

2

(18.2)

4

(25.0)

   Nurse, "less qualified personnel"

5

(45.5)

1

(6.3)

   Not reported

3

(27.3)

7

(43.8)

Number of operators

    

   One

1

(9.1)

1

(6.3)

   Two to five

1

(9.1)

5

(31.3)

   Six or more

5

(45.5)

0

(0)

   Not reported

4

(36.4)

10

(62.5)

Control of pain

    

   No specific measure/Non-narcotic analgesics as needed

5

(45.5)

0

(0.0)

   Local anesthesia

0

(0.0)

12

(75.0)

   General anesthesia

0

(0.0)

1

(6.3)

   Not reported

6

(54.5)

3

(18.8)

Antibiotherapy (pre-treatment)

    

   Signs of cervicitis or STD

3

(27.3)

2

(12.5)

   All women

4

(36.4)

3

(18.8)

   Not reported

4

(36.4)

11

(68.8)

  1. *Cryotherapy, 11 studies; LEEP, 16 studies.
  2. **Total percent add to more than 100%, because some studies are represented in more than one item category.
  3. †Abnormalities such as polyp or cervical atrophy, for instance.
  4. ††Different gestational ages across studies.