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Table 6 Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for high (> 75 nmol/L) vs . low (≤75 nmol/L) vitamin D levels, and regression coefficients (βi) from multiple regression analysis, in relation to biochemical parameters and dietary intake

From: Determinants of serum levels of vitamin D: a study of life-style, menopausal status, dietary intake, serum calcium, and PTH

Factor

Low (n)

High (n)

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted*OR (95% CI)

βi (95% CI)

Adjusted* βi \(95% CI)

Albumin

 1

68

123

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

50

114

1.26 (0.81–1.97)

1.15 (0.72– 1.83)

2.66 (–3.02 to 8.34)

1.55 (–3.92 to 7.02)

 3

55

129

1.30 (0.84–2.00)

1.22 (0.78– 1.92)

0.94 (–4.57 to 6.45)

0.18 (–5.13 to 5.48)

 4

56

124

1.22 (0.79–1.89)

1.27 (0.81– 2.00)

5.59 (0.05 to 11.13)

6.73 (1.39 to 12.1)

Creatinine

 1

66

123

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

55

113

1.10 (0.71– 1.71)

1.07 (0.68– 1.68)

2.40 (–3.23 to 8.02)

2.47 (–2.93 to 7.86)

 3

69

114

0.89 (0.58–1.35)

0.84 (0.54– 1.30)

1.61 (–3.89 to 7.11)

1.38 (–3.90 to 6.66)

 4

39

140

1.93 (1.21– 3.06)

1.70 (1.05– 2.76)

9.11 (3.58 to 14.6)

6.97 (1.57 to 12.4)

Phosphate

 1

62

119

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

69

113

0.85 (0.56–1.31)

0.75 (0.48– 1.18)

−3.79 (–9.34 to 1.76)

−4.71 (–10.0 to 0.58)

 3

54

122

1.18 (0.76–1.83)

1.12 (0.71– 1.78)

3.04 (–2.56 to 8.64)

2.81 (–2.54 to 8.16)

 4

44

136

1.61 (1.02–2.55)

1.54 (0.96– 2.48)

7.33 (1.77 to 12.9)

6.93 (1.63 to 12.2)

PTH

 1

51

130

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

45

133

1.16 (0.73–1.85)

1.26 (0.77– 2.05)

−5.83 (–11.4 to –0.23)

−4.76 (–10.1 to 0.62)

 3

56

123

0.86 (0.55–1.36)

0.83 (0.52– 1.32)

−6.28 (–11.9 to –0.70)

−6.71 (–12.1 to –1.34)

 4

77

105

0.54 (0.35–0.83)

0.59 (0.37– 0.93)

−11.8 (–17.3 to –6.22)

−9.96 (–15.3 to –4.61)

Calcium

 1

80

118

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

47

107

1.55 (0.99–2.41)

1.66 (1.04 –2.64)

2.19 (–3.50 to 7.88)

2.80 (–2.63 to 8.24)

 3

57

132

1.57 (1.03–2.39)

1.64 (1.05– 2.54)

5.10 (–0.29 to 10.5)

5.79 (0.63 to 11.0)

 4

45

133

2.00 (1.29–3.12)

2.18 (1.37– 3.47)

10.2 (4.78 to 15.7)

11.1 (5.79 to 16.3)

Vitamin D–dietary

 1

68

77

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

51

95

1.65 (1.03– 2.64)

1.70 (1.04– 2.78)

5.64 (–0.57 to 11.9)

5.35 (–0.64 to 11.3)

 3

36

109

2.67 (1.63– 4.40)

2.92 (1.74– 4.91)

7.29 (1.07 to 13.5)

7.50 (1.50 to 13.5)

 4

41

105

2.26 (1.39–3.68)

2.52 (1.51– 4.19)

11.0 (4.82 to 17.2)

11.5 (5.47 to 17.5)

 5

38

107

2.28 (1.52–.07)

2.68 (1.58– 4.57)

12.1 (5.86 to 18.3)

11.8 (5.58 to 17.9)

Calcium–dietary

 1

53

92

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

48

98

1.18 (0.73–1.91)

1.20 (0.73– 1.99)

0.87 (–5.41 to 7.16)

0.90 (–5.16 to 6.95)

 3

39

106

1.57 (0.95–2.58)

1.63 (0.97– 2.73)

2.79 (–3.51 to 9.08)

3.08 (–2.98 to 9.13)

 4

46

100

1.25 (0.77–2.04)

1.36 (0.82– 2.27)

0.71 (–5.58 to 7.00)

1.26 (–4.81 to 7.34)

 5

48

97

1.16 (0.72–1.89)

1.23 (0.74– 2.03)

0.30 (–6.00 to 6.60)

0.67 (–5.40 to 6.74)

Vitamin D–total**

 1

70

75

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

46

100

2.03 (1.26–3.27)

2.05 (1.25– 3.38)

6.08 (–0.12 to 12.3)

5.63 (–0.31 to 11.6)

 3

39

106

2.54 (1.55–4.14)

3.01 (1.79– 5.05)

11.0 (4.80 to 17.2)

12.1 (6.09 to 18.0)

 4

40

106

2.47 (1.52–4.03)

2.96 (1.76– 4.99)

13.5 (7.36 to 19.7)

14.8 (8.81 to 20.8)

 5

39

106

2.54 (1.55– 4.14)

2.84 (1.69– 4.78)

10.9 (4.72 to 17.1)

11.5 (5.50 to 17.5)

Calcium–total**

 1

55

90

1.00

1.00

Baseline

Baseline

 2

46

100

1.33 (0.82–2.16)

1.36 (0.82– 2.26)

−0.13 (–6.42 to 6.15)

−0.15 (–6.19 to 5.90)

 3

41

104

1.55 (0.95–2.54)

1.63 (0.97– 2.71)

1.82 (–4.48 to 8.12)

2.46 (–3.61 to 8.53)

 4

49

97

1.21 (0.75–1.96)

1.34 (0.81– 2.22)

0.63 (–5.65 to 6.92)

1.68 (–4.39 to 7.75)

 5

43

102

1.45 (0.89–2.37)

1.52 (0.91– 2.52)

1.22 (–5.07 to 7.52)

1.43 (–4.63 to 7.50)

  1. * Adjusted for age, season and time in freezer for all factors in the table. ** Intake from diet and supplements.