Ways of coping with premenstrual change: development and validation of a premenstrual coping measure

BMC Women's Health

Table 2 Coping comparison framework

Skinner’s analysis of coping	Carver’s brief cope	Premenstrual coping measure
Problem solving	Active coping	Looking after the body
	Planning	Planning
	Substance use	Planning
Support seeking	Using emotional support	Social support and communication
Support seeking	Instrumental support	Social support and communication
Escape avoidance	Denial	Avoiding harm to self
Distraction	Self-distraction	Self-care
Positive cognitive restructuring	Positive reframing	Awareness
	Acceptance	Acceptance
	Religion	Acceptance
Social withdrawal		Desire to be alone
Emotional regulation		Emotional regulation
Rumination
Helplessness	Behavioural disengagement self-blame
Negotiation		Self-care
Opposition	Venting
Information seeking

Comparisons of commonly identified coping processes, coping subscales of the Brief COPE and categories of items for the original item pool for the PMCM.

ISSN: 1472-6874