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Table 3 Total, direct and indirect effects of single motherhood (SM) on moderate and heavy smoking – results of the ‘mediation model’

From: Are single mothers’ higher smoking rates mediated by dysfunctional coping styles?

 

Moderate smoking

Heavy smoking

 

Effect

SE

p

Effect

SE

p

Total effect of SM

0.597

0.14

<0.001

1.147

0.15

<0.001

Direct effect of SM controlled for substance consumption

0.445

0.14

0.019

0.966

0.15

<0.001

Direct effect of SM controlled for other coping strategies

0.606

0.16

0.013

1.144

0.18

<0.001

Indirect effects

Effect

Boot SE

Boot 95 CI

Effect

Boot SE

Boot 95 CI

Substance consumption

0.253

0.06

0.140.37

0.413

0.08

0.240.57

Self-blame/rumination

-0.001

0.01

-0.02 – 0.01

0.012

0.01

-0.01 – 0.06

Blaming others

-0.003

0.01

-0.03 – 0.00

-0.002

0.01

-0.03 – 0.01

Positive self-verbalisation

0.011

0.01

0.00 – 0.04

-0.003

0.01

-0.03 – 0.02

Active influence

-0.013

0.01

-0.02– 0.01

-0.004

0.02

-0.04 – 0.02

  1. Notes: adjusted for mothers’ age and age of youngest child. SE = Standard error, p = probability, Boot SE = bootstrap standard error, Boot 95 CI = bootstrap 95% confidence intervals. SM = single motherhood, n = 2410 (moderate smoking), n = 2192 (heavy smoking), significant effects in bold.