From: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of premenstrual syndrome in a prospective cohort study
 | 25OHD measured before PMS diagnosis | 25OHD measured after PMS diagnosis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Cases* | MV OR†(95% CI) for 10 nmol/L change in 25OHD | Cases* | MV OR†(95% CI) for 10 nmol/L change in 25OHD |
Premenstrual Syndrome | 123 | 0.97 (0.85 – 1.11) | 279 | 1.13 (1.03 – 1.25) |
Physical & behavioral menstrual symptoms | Â | Â | ||
Swelling of extremities | 27 | 0.77 (0.57 – 1.06) | 58 | 1.12 (0.96 – 1.31) |
Breast tenderness | 79 | 0.79 (0.65 – 0.96) | 211 | 1.05 (0.93 – 1.19) |
Fatigue | 64 | 0.80 (0.66 – 0.97) | 153 | 1.10 (0.99 – 1.23) |
Diarrhea/constipation | 50 | 0.80 (0.65 – 0.98) | 108 | 1.13 (1.00 – 1.29) |
Backache | 41 | 0.85 (0.67 – 1.07) | 104 | 1.11 (0.98 – 1.26) |
Bloating | 77 | 0.85 (0.71 – 1.03) | 181 | 1.10 (0.99 – 1.23) |
Hot flashes | 16 | 0.86 (0.59 – 1.25) | 15 | 1.09 (0.79 – 1.52) |
Palpitations | 15 | 0.90 (0.62 – 1.32) | 22 | 1.14 (0.90 – 1.45) |
Food cravings | 82 | 0.92 (0.78 – 1.09) | 204 | 1.15 (1.03 – 1.29) |
Appetite changes | 68 | 0.93 (0.79 – 1.10) | 163 | 1.17 (1.04 – 1.31) |
Forgetfulness | 24 | 0.96 (0.72 – 1.28) | 58 | 1.15 (0.99 – 1.34) |
Insomnia | 33 | 0.95 (0.76 – 1.20) | 47 | 1.15 (0.97 – 1.36) |
Acne | 36 | 0.97 (0.76 – 1.24) | 96 | 1.14 (1.01 – 1.29) |
Headache | 58 | 1.02 (0.85 – 1.23) | 125 | 1.07 (0.95 – 1.22) |
Affective menstrual symptoms | Â | Â | Â | |
Depression | 51 | 0.81 (0.66 – 1.00) | 117 | 1.10 (0.98 – 1.24) |
Anxiety | 35 | 0.82 (0.63 – 1.06) | 91 | 1.19 (1.04 – 1.35) |
Tendency to cry easily | 59 | 0.92 (0.76 – 1.12) | 158 | 1.13 (1.01 – 1.27) |
Anger | 68 | 0.94 (0.78 – 1.13) | 165 | 1.12 (1.01 – 1.25) |
Irritability | 110 | 0.95 (0.81 – 1.11) | 235 | 1.19 (1.07 – 1.34) |
Hypersensitivity | 37 | 0.95 (0.76 – 1.19) | 112 | 1.14 (1.01 – 1.29) |
Cramping | 46 | 0.98 (0.80 – 1.20) | 92 | 1.03 (0.90 – 1.19) |
Mood swings | 76 | 1.00 (0.85 – 1.17) | 191 | 1.15 (1.04 – 1.28) |
Desire for aloneness | 38 | 1.01 (0.80 – 1.28) | 113 | 1.14 (1.00 – 1.29) |