Table 1 Sociodemographic and Reproductive Characteristics of the Study Population, Lima, Peru, 2004–2005
Characteristics | Preeclampsia Cases (N = 339) | Control Subjects (N = 337) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||
Maternal age at delivery (years) | 27.0 ± 7.1* | 25.7 ± 5.8 | 0.01 | ||
Maternal age at delivery (years) | |||||
< 20 | 44 | 13.0 | 34 | 10.1 | 0.003 |
20–34 | 229 | 67.5 | 265 | 78.6 | |
≥ 35 | 66 | 19.5 | 38 | 11.3 | |
Maternal education ≤ 12 years | 289 | 85.3 | 300 | 89.0 | NS |
Single married status | 81 | 24.2 | 45 | 13.4 | < 0.01 |
Employed during pregnancy | 134 | 39.5 | 98 | 29.1 | 0.02 |
Nullipara | 160 | 47.2 | 117 | 34.7 | < 0.05 |
No prenatal vitamins | 68 | 20.1 | 59 | 17.5 | NS |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 37.4 ± 3.1 * | 39.0 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 | ||
< 28 | 6 | 1.8 | 3 | 0.9 | < 0.001 |
28–33 | 35 | 10.3 | 7 | 2.1 | |
34–36 | 48 | 14.2 | 11 | 3.2 | |
≥ 37 | 250 | 73.7 | 316 | 93.8 | |
Infant birth weight (grams) | 2852.9 ± 830.6 * | 3248.2 ± 621.1 | < 0.001 | ||
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.4 * | 23.1 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 | ||
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
< 19.8 (lean) | 32 | 9.4 | 29 | 8.6 | < 0.001 |
19.8–26.0 (normal) | 182 | 53.7 | 245 | 72.7 | |
26.1–29.0 (overweight) | 60 | 17.7 | 34 | 10.1 | |
> 29.0 (obese) | 53 | 15.6 | 16 | 4.7 | |
Missing | 12 | 3.5 | 13 | 3.9 | |
Delivery mode | |||||
Vaginal delivery | 108 | 31.9 | 318 | 94.4 | < 0.001 |
Cesarean delivery | 230 | 67.9 | 19 | 5.6 | |