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Table 2 Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Preeclampsia According to Maternal History of Depression during Pregnancy, Lima, Peru, 2004–2005

From: Associations of depression and depressive symptoms with preeclampsia: results from a Peruvian case-control study

Maternal History of Depression (total score)

Preeclampsia Cases (N = 339)

Control Subjects (N = 337)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

 

n (%)

n (%)

  

Minimal (< 4)

180 (53.1)

213 (63.2)

1.0 (referent)

1.0 (referent)

Mild (5–9)

106 (31.3)

98 (29.1)

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

1.2 (0.9–1.8)

Moderate (10–14)

39 (11.5)

18 (5.3)

2.6 (1.4–4.6)

2.3 (1.2–4.4)

Moderate-severe (15–19)

12 (3.5)

7 (2.1)

2.0 (0.8–5.3)

3.2 (1.1–9.6)

Severe (≥ 20)

2 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

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Missing

0 (0.0)

1 (0.3)

  
 

p-value for trend

 

0.001

0.001

  1. Adjusted by maternal age (continuous), nulliparity (yes vs. no), maternal overweight status (pre-pregnancy body mass index ≤ 26.0 vs. > 26.0 kg/m2).