Table 4 Muscle strength according to manual muscle testing; scale 1–5, 5 being the strongest
From: Musculoskeletal sequelae in patients with obstetric fistula – a case–control study
Fistula cases | Control group | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Gr 5 | Gr <5 | N | Gr 5 | Gr <5 | ||
Hip medial rotation | 138 | 62 (44.9%) | 76 (55.1%) | 198 | 66 (33.3%) | 132 (66.7%) | 0.04 |
Hip lateral rotation | 138 | 57 (41.3%) | 81 (58.7%) | 198 | 43 (21.7%) | 155(78.3%) | <0.001 |
Hip flexion | 138 | 60 (43.5%) | 78 (56.5%) | 200 | 68 (34%) | 132 (66%) | 0.10 |
Hip extension | 120 | 40 (33.4%) | 80 (66.7%) | 113 | 5 (4.4%) | 108 (95.6%) | <0.001 |
Hip abduction | 138 | 54 (39.1%) | 84 (60.9%) | 198 | 47 (23.7%) | 151 (76.3%) | 0.04 |
Hip adduction | 136 | 26 (19.1%) | 110 (80.9%) | 195 | 31 (15.9%) | 164 (84.1%) | 0.54 |
Knee flexion | 138 | 49 (35.5%) | 89 (64.5%) | 196 | 29 (14.8%) | 167 (85.2%) | <0.001 |
Knee extension | 138 | 82 (59.4%) | 56 (40.6%) | 200 | 116 (58%) | 84 (42%) | 0.88 |
Ankle dorsal flexion | 135 | 97 (71.9%) | 38 (28.1%) | 198 | 167 (84.3%) | 31 (15.7%) | 0.009 |
Ankle inversion | 136 | 78 (57.4%) | 58 (42.6%) | 198 | 122 (61.6%) | 76 (38.4%) | 0.51 |
Ankle eversion | 136 | 84 (61.8%) | 52 (38.2%) | 198 | 126 (63.6%) | 72 (36.4%) | 0.82 |
Ankle plantar flexion | 140 | 112 (80%) | 28 (20%) | 182 | 160 (87.9%) | 22 (12.1%) | 0.07 |