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Table 2 Characteristics associated with the likelihood of HPV self-sampling among women who had heard of HPV

From: Determinants of women’s likelihood of vaginal self-sampling for human papillomavirus to screen for cervical cancer in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Ever self-sampled for HPV among women who had heard of HPV ( N  = 297)

Yes

No

χ 2

n = 69 (23%)

n = 228 (77%)

n (%)

n (%)

Age range, years

  

7.54

  ≤ 29

9 (13.0)

60 (87.0)

 

  30-39

33 (25.2)

98 (74.8)

 

  40-49

19 (24.7)

58 (75.3)

 

  ≥ 50

8 (40.0)

12 (60.0)

 

Education

  

1.54

  ≤ High school

18 (23.4)

59 (76.6)

 

  College

18 (21.7)

65 (78.3)

 

  Bachelor’s degree

27 (22.5)

93 (77.5)

 

  ≥ Graduate degree

6 (35.3)

11 (64.7)

 

Annual household income (NT$)

  

7.27

  ≤ 500,000

16 (16.8)

79 (83.2)

 

  510,000-1,000,000

32 (24.6)

98 (75.4)

 

  1,010,000-1,500,000

10 (24.4)

31 (75.6)

 

  1,510,000-2,000,000

5 (26.3)

14 (73.6)

 

  ≥ 2,010,000

6 (50.0)

6 (50.0)

 

Marital status

  

0.18

  Single (D, S, W)a

17 (21.5)

62 (78.5)

 

  Married

52 (23.9)

166 (76.1)

 

Residential area

  

0.14

  City

55 (23.6)

178 (76.4)

 

  Town

10 (22.7)

34 (77.3)

 

  Rural

4 (20.0)

16 (80.0)

 

Previous Pap testing

  

32.5***

  Yes

67 (32.5)

139 (67.5)

 

  No

2 (2.2)

89 (97.8)

 

Perceived risk of cervical cancer

  

5.85**

  High

29 (32.2)

61 (67.8)

 

  Low

40 (19.3)

167 (80.7)

 

Willingness to self-sample

  

6.03*

  Willing

54 (27.6)

142 (72.4)

 

  Unwilling/undecided

15 (14.9)

86 (85.1)

 

HPV knowledgeb

  

11.2**

  High

28 (36.8)

48 (63.2)

 

  Moderate

26 (20.5)

101 (79.5)

 

  Low

15 (16.0)

79 (84.0)

 

Priority consideration for HPV self-sampling

   

  Cost

47 (20.1)

187 (79.9)

6.125*

  Clinical site/time

22 (34.9)

41 (65.1)

 
  1. aD refers to divorced, S refers to separated, W refers to widowed.
  2. bHPV knowledge was categorized as high, moderate, and low based on the number of correct answers above the mode score, between median and mode score, or below the median score, respectively. Scores of ≥15 points were coded as a high level of knowledge, those with 13 to 14 points were coded as moderate knowledge, and those with ≤12 points were coded as low knowledge.
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.