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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 154,902 women from the Women’s Health Initiative, by abuse experiencea

From: Cross-sectional and longitudinal risk of physical impairment in a cohort of postmenopausal women who experience physical and verbal abuse

Characteristic

n (%)

No abuse (n = 137,467)

Verbal abuse only (n = 15,499)

Physical abuse only (n = 367)

Verbal and physical abuse (n = 1569)

Age

 50–59

44,438 (32)

6376 (41)

141 (38)

774 (49)

 60–69

62,243 (45)

6675 (43)

168 (46)

592 (38)

 70–79

30,786 (22)

2448 (16)

58 (16)

203 (13)

Race/Ethnicity

 White, non-Hispanic

115,050 (84)

12,962 (84)

221 (60)

1062 (68)

 Black, non-Hispanic

11,948 (9)

1134 (7)

86 (23)

243 (15)

 Hispanic

4805 (4)

752 (5)

31 (8)

158 (10)

 Other race, non-Hispanic

5664 (4)

651 (4)

29 (8)

106 (7)

Marital status

 Married or marriage-like relationship

91,792 (67)

11,003 (71)

218 (60)

982 (63)

Annual household income

 Less than $20,000

19,775 (15)

2507 (17)

99 (28)

462 (31)

 $20,000–$34,999

30,318 (23)

3389 (23)

79 (22)

353 (23)

 $35,000–$49,999

25,830 (19)

2891 (19)

67 (19)

232 (15)

 $50,000–$74,999

25,146 (19)

2781 (19)

48 (14)

204 (13)

 $75,00 or more

23,848 (18)

2459 (16)

37 (10)

158 (10)

 Missing

8424 (6)

969 (6)

27 (8)

106 (7)

Education

 Less than High School

6792 (5)

754 (5)

63 (17)

170 (11)

 High School Graduate

23,931 (17)

2332 (15)

54 (15)

246 (16)

 Attended College

51,725 (38)

6236 (40)

143 (39)

704 (45)

 College Graduate

55,019 (40)

6177 (40)

107 (29)

449 (29)

 Living alone

35,053 (26)

3088 (20)

92 (25)

376 (24)

Study arm

 Clinical trial

58,120 (42)

6694 (43)

164 (45)

709 (45)

 Observational study

79,347 (58)

8805 (57)

203 (55)

860 (55)

 Current smoker

8522 (7)

1242 (9)

31 (9)

177 (12)

 Heavy drinkerb

15,410 (12)

1578 (11)

31 (9)

144 (10)

Social support constructc

 9–29

23,512 (17)

5596 (37)

100 (28)

703 (46)

 30–34

20,975 (15)

3204 (21)

79 (22)

280 (18)

 35–39

35,362 (26)

3437 (22)

93 (26)

292 (19)

 40–43

26,709 (20)

1850 (12)

53 (15)

152 (10)

 44–45

29,401 (22)

1227 (8)

38 (10)

111 (7)

Body mass index

 Neither overweight nor obese

47,313 (36)

4829 (32)

92 (26)

405 (27)

 Overweight

46,164 (35)

5097 (34)

121 (35)

505 (34)

 Obese I

24,125 (18)

2992 (20)

82 (23)

350 (23)

 Obese II

9811 (7)

1307 (9)

35 (10)

160 (11)

 Extreme obese

5069 (4)

710 (5)

19 (5)

85 (6)

General health

 Excellent or very good

81,655 (60)

7731 (50)

164 (45)

638 (41)

 Depression

12,054 (9)

3816 (25)

81 (23)

588 (39)

  1. aThe difference in distributions between abuse exposure groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for every characteristic. The statistical significance of differences in proportions was determined using the chi-squared method
  2. bIn accordance with definitions used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [78], women were considered to drink heavily if they self-reported consuming more than 1 drink per day on average
  3. cRange 9–45; higher score indicates greater support
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