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Table 4 Multivariate model (odds ratios) showing factors associated with married women’s empowerment by two dependent variables (education and work status)

From: Correlates of gender characteristics, health and empowerment of women in Ethiopia

Variables

Dependent variable: Education (with primary education and above =1 and illiterate = 0)

Dependent variable: Work Status (Yes = 1 and No = 0)

 

DHS 2005 (N = 8914)

DHS 2011 (N = 9594 )

DHS 2005 (N = 8914)

DHS 2011 (N = 9594)

 

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

 

Model I EXP(β)

Model II EXP(β)

Model I EXP(β)

Model II EXP(β)

Model I EXP(β)

Model II EXP(β)

Model I EXP(β)

Model II EXP(β)

Age of respondent

 

***

***

  

***

***

 

   15–24

-

-

-

     

   25–34

0.68

0.78

0.26

2.27

1.35

5.75

1.60

2.60

   35–44

0.30

0.53

0.17

1.71

1.60

2.88

1.48

2.96

   45–49

0.11

0.20

0.09

3.23

1.39

1.49

1.46

2.86

Wealth quintile

  

***

***

    

   Poorest

        

   Poorer

1.17

1.65

1.51

1.20

1.07

1.22

1.27

1.21

   Middle

1.87

2.33

1.81

1.27

1.03

1.97

1.58

1.10

   Richer

2.70

4.21

2.79

3.42

1.19

1.77

1.68

1.04

   Richest

6.39

10.33

10.90

2.13

1.25

1.62

2.89

0.85

Place of residence

        

   Urban

        

   Rural

3.89

2.58

6.44

0.12

1.15

0.06

2.19

1.36

Region

  

***

***

  

***

 

   Tigray

        

   Affar

0.38

0.51

0.27

0.55.

0.13

0.68

0.46

0.39

   Amhara

0.65

0.45

0.58

0.93

0.61

0.52

1.01

0.52

   Oromiya

1.11

1.76

1.09

1.13

0.70

0.69

1.65

1.40

   Somali

0.19

0.33

0.29

0.52

0.15

0.75

0.56

0.57

   Ben-Gumz

0.92

0.89

0.73

1.35

1.01

1.29

1.82

0.90

   SNNP

0.70

1.51

1.09

1.57

0.44

0.67

1.64

1.82

   Gambela

1.27

1.98

1.65

0.96

0.64

1.15

1.56

2.47

   Harari

1.21

1.62

1.86

0.36

0.64

2.75

1.58

2.94

   Addis Ababa

1.53

1.59

6.37

1.45

0.56

1.13

2.72

12.02

   Dire Dawa

0.85

1.59

1.46

1.01

0.43

1.73

1.51

1.89

Religion

  

***

***

  

***

 

   Orthodox

        

   Protestant

1.70

1.54

0.97

1.92

0.76

0.63

0.99

1.05

   Muslim

0.55

0.62

0.38

0.60

0.80

0.43

0.54

0.72

   Traditional

0.59

0.88

0.24

0.36

1.36

????

1.08

3.68

   Catholic and Others

1.25

1.39

0.49

0.93

1.00

0.48

1.24

1.18

  1. Source: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2005 and 2011) data