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Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with approval of domestic violence against wivesa

From: Women’s approval of domestic physical violence against wives: analysis of the Ghana demographic and health survey

Predictors

Agrees with at least one form of violence Model Ib OR (95 % CI)

Agrees with at least one form of violence Model IIc OR (95 % CI)

Age

 

35-49

1.0

1.0

 

25-34

1.14 (1.10-1.25)*

1.47 (1.20-1.76)*

 

15-24

1.10 (1.02-1.24)*

1.30 (1.13-1.49)*

Level of education

 

Higher

1.0

1.0

 

Secondary

2.10 (1.72-2.56)**

1.77 (1.44-2.18)*

 

Primary

3.67 (2.95-4.55)**

2.59 (2.05-3.27) **

 

No education

5.66 (4.62-6.95)***

3.10 (2.43-3.94)***

Occupation

 

Working

1.0

1.0

 

Not working

0.93 (0.85-1.02)

1.07 (0.91-1.25)

Marital status

 

Never married

1.0

1.0

 

Currently married

1.33 (1.22-1.45)*

1.11 (0.93-1.33)

 

Formerly married

1.04 (0.89-1.21)

0.99 (0.77-1.28)

Place of residence

 

Urban

1.0

1.0

 

Rural

2.00 (1.85-2.17)*

1.19 (1.01-1.42)*

Religion

 

Christian

1.0

1.0

 

Moslem

2.06 (1.85-2.29)**

1.53 (1.31-1.80)*

 

Traditional

2.87 (2.24-3.52)***

1.69 (1.19-2.38)**

 

Others

1.86 (1.50-2.40)*

1.04 (0.80-1.35)

Wealth Index

 

Richest

1.0

1.0

 

Rich

1.76 (1.55-2.00)*

1.64 (1.37-1.96)*

 

Middle

2.16 (1.89-2.46)**

1.91 (1.55-2.35)*

 

Poor

2.80 (2.46-3.18)**

2.25 (1.78-2.85)**

 

Poorer

4.74 (4.18-5.38)***

3.48 (2.73-4.44)***

  1. aComputed from the 2003 and 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
  2. bModel I = Univariate model
  3. cModel II = Multivariate model of all independent variable statistically significant at the bivariate level
  4. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001