Level health service | Lack of trust in FP service provider | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Unavailability of information on methods | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Unavailability of modern methods | + | + | + | + | |||||
Level household or community | Opposition from family | + | + | + | + | ||||
Opposition from community leaders | + | ||||||||
Level couple | Lack of couple discussing FP | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Level partner | Partner’s fear of infidelity/promiscuity | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Limited male involvement in FP issues | + | + | + | ||||||
Level woman | Religious belief | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Desire to space | + | + | + | + | |||||
Reproductive obligation | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Woman’s level of education | + | ||||||||
Misconception on FP method | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Fear of domestic violence | + | ||||||||
Fear of stigma | + | + | + | + | |||||
Fear of side effects | + | + | + | ||||||
Lack of autonomy in decision making | + | + | + | + | |||||
Country | Ghana | India | Uganda | Uganda | Tanzania | Tanzania | Ethiopia | Guatemala | |
Publication | Bawah et al. 1999 [39] | Hall et al., 2008 [38] | Kabagenyi et al., 2014 [19] | Kaida et al., 2005 [40] | Mosha et al., 2013 [21] | Plummer et al., 2006 [41] | Sonalkar et al., 2013 [50] | Ward et al., 1992 [35] |