A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries

Table 4 Summary of explored themes on reasons contributing to the unmet need for FP identified in qualitative studies (+ = contributing; – = not contributing)

Level health service	Lack of trust in FP service provider		+		+		+	+	+
	Unavailability of information on methods		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Unavailability of modern methods		+		+		+	+
Level household or community	Opposition from family	+	+	+					+
Level household or community	Opposition from community leaders								+
Level couple	Lack of couple discussing FP	+		+	+	+			+
Level partner	Partner’s fear of infidelity/promiscuity	+	+	+	+	+	+		+
Level partner	Limited male involvement in FP issues				+	+			+
Level woman	Religious belief	+	+	+	+		+		+
	Desire to space	+	+			+			+
	Reproductive obligation	+	+	+	+	+
	Woman’s level of education		+
	Misconception on FP method		+	+	+	+	+		+
	Fear of domestic violence	+
	Fear of stigma	+		+			+		+
	Fear of side effects		+		+	+
	Lack of autonomy in decision making	+			+	+	+
	Country	Ghana	India	Uganda	Uganda	Tanzania	Tanzania	Ethiopia	Guatemala
	Publication	Bawah et al. 1999 [39]	Hall et al., 2008 [38]	Kabagenyi et al., 2014 [19]	Kaida et al., 2005 [40]	Mosha et al., 2013 [21]	Plummer et al., 2006 [41]	Sonalkar et al., 2013 [50]	Ward et al., 1992 [35]