Table 2 Change in postural stability, bone mineral density, body weight and composition after a brisk walking intervention
Intervention group N = 58 | ∆ | %∆ | Control group N = 46 | ∆ | %∆ | F (1, 102) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 10 | Baseline | Week 10 | |||||||
Postural stability | ||||||||||
VEO, mm/s | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 10.5 ± 2.9 | –0.9* | –7.9 % | 11.6 ± 2.6 | 11.5 ± 2.7 | –0.1 | –0.9 % | 2.73 | 0.102 |
VEC, mm/s | 14.4 ± 4.9 | 14.1 ± 5.6** | –0.3 | –2.1 % | 14.9 ± 4.3 | 18.2 ± 8.9 | 3.3* | 18.1 % | 6.79 | 0.011 |
VxEO, mm/s | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 2.1 | –0.6 | –11.5 % | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 % | 3.32 | 0.071 |
VxEC, mm/s | 6.5 ± 2.9 | 6.4 ± 4.3 | –0.1 | –1.5 % | 5.8 ± 2.7 | 8.3 ± 6.3 | 2.5* | 30.1 % | 4.61 | 0.034 |
VyEO, mm/s | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 8.4 ± 2.3 | –0.6 | –6.7 % | 9.6 ± 2.5 | 9.4 ± 2.3 | –0.2 | –2.1 % | 1.07 | 0.303 |
VyEC, mm/s | 11.4 ± 4.0 | 11.0 ± 3.7** | –0.4 | –3.5 % | 12.4 ± 3.7 | 14.1 ± 5.7 | 1.7* | 12.1 % | 7.41 | 0.008 |
Bone mineral density | ||||||||||
Right forearm, g/cm 2 | 0.418 ± 0.074 | 0.416 ± 0.072 | –0.002 | –0.5 % | 0.390 ± 0.070 | 0.389 ± 0.069 | –0.001 | –0.3 % | 0.02 | 0.883 |
Left forearm, g/cm 2 | 0.392 ± 0.068 | 0.387 ± 0.063 | –0.005 | –1.3 % | 0.373 ± 0.066 | 0.366 ± 0.068 | –0.007 | –1.9 % | 0.10 | 0.759 |
Right calcaneus, g/cm 2 | 0.494 ± 0.108 | 0.497 ± 0.108 | 0.003 | 0.6 % | 0.527 ± 0.110 | 0.518 ± 0.104 | –0.009 | –1.7 % | 6.16 | 0.015 |
Left calcaneus, g/cm 2 | 0.496 ± 0.103 | 0.507 ± 0.107 | 0.011 | 2.2 % | 0.512 ± 0.099 | 0.516 ± 0.096 | 0.004 | 0.8 % | 1.08 | 0.302 |
Body weight and composition | ||||||||||
Body weight, kg | 69.9 ± 13.0 | 69.4 ± 12.5 | –0.5 | –0.7 % | 74.3 ± 15.4 | 73.9 ± 15.1 | –0.4 | –0.5 % | 0.37 | 0.543 |
Fat mass, kg | 24.5 ± 9.3 | 23.7 ± 8.6 | –0.8* | –3.3 % | 27.7 ± 11.5 | 27.0 ± 11.1 | –0.7* | –2.6 % | 0.19 | 0.656 |
Fat mass, % | 34.0 ± 7.1 | 33.2 ± 6.7 | –0.8* | –2.4 % | 35.9 ± 8.1 | 35.2 ± 7.9 | –0.7* | –2.0 % | 0.03 | 0.859 |
Visceral fat area, cm 2 | 109.7 ± 35.6 | 105.2 ± 32.8 | –4.5* | –4.1 % | 120.4 ± 40.5 | 116.6 ± 39.6 | –3.8* | –3.3 % | 0.36 | 0.553 |
Lean body mass, upper limbs, kg | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 0.0 | 0 % | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 0.0 | 0 % | 1.47 | 0.229 |
Lean body mass, trunk, kg | 20.3 ± 2.6 | 20.2 ± 2.5 | –0.1 | –0.5 % | 21.0 ± 2.4 | 21.0 ± 2.4 | 0.0 | 0 % | 1.61 | 0.207 |
Lean body mass, lower limbs, kg | 13.9 ± 1.8 | 14.0 ± 1.8 | 0.1* | 0.7 % | 14.2 ± 1.9 | 14.4 ± 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.4 % | 0.01 | 0.965 |