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Table 2 Distribution of respondents according to no help and help-seeking behaviour by factors at different levels

From: Prevalence and predictors of help-seeking for women exposed to spousal violence in India – a cross-sectional study

 

No help

Help

N

%

N

%

Personal history

 Age

15 to 19

569

79.2

149

20.8

 

20 to 24

2 184

77.3

621

22.7

 

25 to 29

3 169

74.8

1 020

25.2

 

30 to 49

8 695

76.2

2 718

23.8

 Age at first marriage

<18

9 162

76.8

2 784

23.2

 

18 to 20

3 605

76.5

1 100

23.5

 

21+

1 850

72.8

624

27.2

 Education

<Primary

7 924

77.1

2 363

23.0

 

Primary

2 548

74.9

838

25.1

 

≥Secondary

4 145

75.5

1 307

24.6

 Violent father

No

9 228

76.6

2 777

23.4

 

Yes

3 788

73.5

1 375

26.5

 Severity of violence

Moderate

10 239

86.6

1 544

13.4

 

Severe

4 378

60.3

2 964

39.7

 Injuries

No

10 807

85.9

1 783

14.1

 

Yes

3 773

58.1

2 718

41.9

Micro-system

 Duration of marriage

0–4

1 510

79.0

407

21.0

 

5 to 9

2 965

75.6

887

24.5

 

10 to 19

6 014

75.0

1 957

25.0

 

20+

4 128

77.2

1 257

22.8

 No. of living children

0

951

72.2

345

27.8

 

1 to 2

6 049

75.6

1 936

24.4

 

3 to 4

5 627

76.5

1 702

23.6

 

5+

1 990

79.8

525

20.3

Exo-system

 Place of residence

Urban

5 585

75.1

1 732

24.9

 

Rural

9 032

76.7

2 776

23.3

 Caste or tribe

SC

3 172

73.8

1 116

26.2

 

ST

1 903

77.4

535

22.6

 

OBC

4 867

74.1

1 670

25.9

 

Other

4 597

80.0

1 172

20.1

 Wealth Index

Poorest

3 078

77.7

895

22.4

 

Poorer

3 128

75.7

993

24.3

 

Middle

3 209

75.8

1 049

24.2

 

Richer

3 186

75.2

1 013

24.9

 

Richest

2 016

77.7

558

22.4

 Occupation

No occupation

7 429

78.4

1 986

21.6

 

Agricultural

4 004

75.0

1 333

25.0

 

Other

3 176

73.3

1 185

26.7

Macro-system

 Region

North

2 006

77.4

578

22.6

 

East

2 977

80.0

727

20.0

 

Northeast

2 420

82.7

488

17.3

 

West

1 516

79.4

433

20.6

 

Central

3 289

74.7

1 126

25.3

 

South

2 409

66.6

1 156

33.4

 Religion

Hindu

11 068

76.2

3 451

23.8

 

Muslim

2 150

78.6

580

21.5

 

Christian

787

74.3

247

25.7

 

Other

593

72.6

224

27.4

Trans-system

 Thinks that violence can be justified

No

5 214

76.2

1 640

23.9

Yes

8 747

76.3

2 672

23.7

 

Total

14 617

76.3

4 508

23.7