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Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses for predictors of seeking help for spousal violence

From: Prevalence and predictors of help-seeking for women exposed to spousal violence in India – a cross-sectional study

 

Unadjusted model

Adjusted modela

Personal history

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

 Age

15 to 19

1

 

1

 
 

20 to 24

1.12

0.88–1.42

1.08

0.81–1.44

 

25 to 29

1.28

1.01–1.62

1.09

0.77–1.53

 

30 to 49

1.19

0.95–1.48

0.96

0.67–1.40

 Age at first marriage

<18

1

 

1

 
 

18 to 20

1.01

0.92–1.12

1.04

0.92–1.18

 

21+

1.23

1.08–1.41

1.29

1.07–1.55

 Education

<Primary

1

 

1

 
 

Primary

1.12

1.00–1.26

1.17

1.02–1.35

 

≥Secondary

1.09

0.98–1.21

1.28

1.10–1.48

 Violent father

No

1

   
 

Yes

1.18

1.07–1.31

0.99

0.88–1.10

 Severity of violence

Moderate

1

 

1

 
 

Severe

4.26

3.86–4.70

2.80

2.50–3.15

 Injuries

No

1

 

1

 
 

Yes

4.38

3.97–4.83

2.79

2.49–3.14

Micro-system

 Duration of marriage

0 to 4

1

 

1

 
 

5 to 9

1.22

1.04–1.43

1.23

0.99–1.52

 

10 to 19

1.26

1.09–1.46

1.35

1.02–1.78

 

20+

1.11

0.95–1.30

1.25

0.91–1.70

 No. of living children

0

1

 

1

 
 

1 to 2

0.84

0.71–1.00

0.80

0.65–0.98

 

3 to 4

0.80

0.67–0.95

0.78

0.63–0.97

 

5+

0.66

0.54–0.80

0.66

0.51–0.84

Exo-system

 Place of residence

Urban

1

 

1

 
 

Rural

0.92

0.82–1.03

1.00

0.85–1.17

 Caste or tribe

SC

1

 

1

 
 

ST

0.82

0.71–0.96

0.95

0.78–1.14

 

OBC

0.99

0.87–1.11

0.93

0.81–1.07

 

Other

0.71

0.62–0.80

0.80

0.69–0.94

 Wealth Index

Poorest

1

 

1

 
 

Poorer

1.12

0.99–1.26

1.16

1.00–1.34

 

Middle

1.11

0.98–1.26

1.11

0.95–1.30

 

Richer

1.15

1.00–1.31

1.28

1.06–1.55

 

Richest

1.00

0.85–1.18

1.21

0.94–1.56

 Occupation

Not working

1

 

1

 
 

Agricultural

1.21

1.09–1.34

1.14

1.00–1.29

 

Other

1.32

1.18–1.48

1.08

0.94–1.23

Macro-system

 Region

North

1

 

1

 
 

East

0.85

0.71–1.02

0.86

0.69–1.07

 

Northeast

0.71

0.60–0.85

0.67

0.55–0.83

 

West

0.89

0.72–1.09

0.93

0.73–1.17

 

Central

1.16

0.99–1.36

1.09

0.90–1.32

 

South

1.71

1.46–2.00

1.37

1.12–1.67

 Religion

Hindu

1

 

1

 
 

Muslim

0.87

0.75–1.01

1.06

0.88–1.27

 

Christian

1.11

0.91–1.35

1.31

1.00–1.71

 

Other

1.21

0.99–1.48

1.50

1.20–1.87

Trans-system

 Thinks that violence can be justified

No

1

 

1

 

Yes

0.99

0.90–1.10

0.89

0.79–0.99

  1. aAdjusted for all variables
  2. Bold fonts denote significant (p < 0.05) crude OR and adjusted OR