Table 2 Mean scores for PTCI items from the Negative Perception about Self subscale in male versus female participants – total sample and after stratification
From: Cognitive appraisal of exposure to specific types of trauma - a study of gender differences
Negative perception about self subscale items | Positive screeners (SPRINT > = 19) N = 12 | Negative screeners (SPRINT <19) N = 78 | Permanent disability after trauma N = 47 | No permanent disability after trauma N = 43 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malea N = 7 | Femalea N = 5 | Malea N = 46 | Femalea N = 32 | Malea N = 31 | Femalea N = 16 | Malea N = 22 | Femalea N = 21 | |
2. I can’t trust that I will do the right thing. | 3.86 (± 2.85) | 2.60 (± 2.60) | 2.63 (± 2.00) | 2.28 (± 1.67) | 3.10 (± 2.25) | 2.63 (± 2.02) | 2.36 (± 1.94) | 2.10 (± 1.57) |
3. I am a weak person. | 3.57 (± 2.93) | 2.60 (± 1.51) | 1.93 (± 1.42) | 2.34 (± 1.75) | 2.55 (± 2.11) | 2.56 (± 2.06) | 1.59 (± .79) | 2.24 (± 1.41) |
4. I will not be able to control my anger and will do something terrible. | 3.86 (± 2.73) | 1.60 (± .89) | 2.07 (± 1.55) | 1.63 (± 1.40) | 2.81 (± 2.10) | 1.75 (± 1.57) | 1.59 (± 1.00) | 1.52 (± 1.16) |
5. I can’t deal with even the slightest upset. | 4.14 (± 2.85) | 2.60 (± 2.19) | 2.33 (± 1.87) | 1.84 (± 1.46) | 3.29 (± 2.25) | 2.25 (± 1.94) | 1.55 (± 1.29) | 1.71 (± 1.18) |
6. I used to be a happy person but now I am always miserable. | 4.71 (± 2.49) | 4.40 (± 2.79) | 2.39 (± 1.90) | 1.81 (± 1.44) | 3.52 (± 2.26) | 3.19 (± 2.40) | 1.55 (± 1.18) | 1.38 (± .66) |
9. I feel dead inside. | 3.14 (± 2.19) | 3.80 (± 2.68) | 1.70 (± 1.47) | 1.56 (± 1.50) | 2.42 (± 1.94) | 2.56 (± 2.44) | 1.14 (± .46) | 1.33 (± .91) |
12. I am inadequate. | 5.29 (± 2.62) | 2.60 (± 1.67) | 2.37 (± 1.85) | 1.75 (± 1.36) | 3.58 (± 2.39) | 2.25 (± 1.77) | 1.59 (± 1.09) | 1.57 (± 1.02) |
14. If I think about the event, I will not be able to handle it. | 5.86 (± 2.19) | 1.60 (± .894) | 2.15 (± 1.59) | 1.88 (± 1.40) | 3.06 (± 2.26) | 2.06 (± 1.73) | 2.05 (± 1.67) | 1.67 (± .96) |
16. My reactions since the event mean that I am going crazy. | 6.00 (± 2.23) | 2.60 (± 2.60) | 1.70 (± 1.50) | 1.53 (± 1.29) | 2.94 (± 2.42) | 1.94 (± 1.91) | 1.32 (± 1.28) | 1.48 (± 1.16) |
17. I will never be able to feel normal emotions again. | 5.00 (± 2.76) | 3.00 (± 2.82) | 2.04 (± 1.76) | 1.63 (± 1.33) | 3.26 (± 2.33) | 2.63 (± 2.21) | 1.27 (± 1.07) | 1.19 (± .40) |
20. I have permanently changed for the worse. | 5.00 (± 2.76) | 3.00 (± 2.82) | 1.93 (± 1.45) | 1.88 (± 1.45) | 2.97 (± 2.16) | 2.25 (± 2.08) | 1.45 (± 1.14) | 1.86 (± 1.35) |
21. I feel like an object, not like a person. | 5.71 (± 2.21) | 3.20 (± 2.68) | 1.89 (± 1.74) | 1.69 (± 1.53) | 3.16 (± 2.49) | 2.31 (± 2.27) | 1.32 (± 1.08) | 1.57 (± 1.20) |
24. I feel isolated and set apart from others. | 5.71 (± 2.21) | 4.20 (± 2.58) | 2.43 (± 1.77) | 2.09 (± 1.59) | 3.29 (± 2.35) | 2.94 (± 2.26) | 2.27 (± 1.63) | 1.95 (± 1.39) |
25. I have no future. | 5.57 (± 2.22) | 3.00 (± 2.82) | 2.22 (± 1.86) | 1.75 (± 1.62) | 3.61 (± 2.37) | 2.38 (± 2.36) | 1.32 (± .89) | 1.57 (± 1.24) |
26. I can’t stop bad things from happening to me. | 5.14 (± 2.85) | 5.20 (± 2.04) | 3.17 (± 2.08) | 3.28 (± 2.21) | 3.68 (± 2.30) | 4.06 (± 2.76) | 3.09 (± 2.22) | 3.14 (± 1.76) |
28. My life has been destroyed by the trauma. | 5.86 (± 1.46) | 4.20 (± 3.03) | 2.26 (± 2.08) | 1.72 (± 1.61) | 3.74 (± 2.50) | 3.13 (± 2.63) | 1.32 (± 1.04) | 1.24 (± .62) |
29. There is something wrong with me as a person. | 4.86 (± 2.73) | 3.60 (± 2.07) | 2.00 (± 1.66) | 1.78 (± 1.40) | 2.94 (± 2.33) | 2.75 (± 2.11) | 1.59 (± 1.22) | 1.48 (± .75) |
30. My reactions since the event show that I am a lousy coper. | 6.00 (± 2.23) | 2.60 (± 1.51) | 2.17 (± 1.71) | 1.91 (± 1.37) | 3.32 (± 2.46) | 2.19 (± 1.83) | 1.77 (± 1.34) | 1.86 (± .96) |
33. I feel like I don’t know myself anymore. | 5.71 (± 2.21) | 3.80 (± 2.68) | 2.04 (± 1.71) | 1.66 (± 1.40) | 3.39 (± 2.33) | 2.63 (± 2.30) | 1.32 (± 1.08) | 1.43 (± .92) |
35. I can’t rely on myself. | 4.71 (± 2.75) | 3.00 (± 2.34) | 2.33 (± 1.82) | 1.72 (± 1.35) | 3.45 (± 2.35) | 1.88 (± 1.62) | 1.50 (± .85) | 1.90 (± 1.51) |
36. Nothing good can happen to me anymore. | 4.71 (± 2.75) | 2.80 (± 2.49) | 1.83 (± 1.46) | 1.47 (± 1.07) | 2.87 (± 2.12) | 2.06 (± 1.94) | 1.27 (± 1.07) | 1.33 (± .57) |