Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics by sex (N = 416)
Characteristics | Men (n = 322) | Women (n = 94) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | in years, mean ± SD | 65 ± 10 | 70 ± 12 | <0.001 |
Educationb | Less than high school/secondary, n (%) | 46 (16) | 24 (27) | 0.015 |
High school/secondary or higher, n (%) | 245 (84) | 64 (73) | ||
Marital statusc | Married/Cohabitant/Partner, n (%) | 241 (80) | 41 (46) | <0.001 |
Divorced/Widowed/Single, n (%) | 59 (20) | 49 (54) | ||
Type of Surgery | Isolated CABGd, n (%) | 165 (51) | 26 (28) | <0.001 |
Isolated Heart Valve, n (%) | 116 (36) | 57 (61) | ||
CABG and Valve, n (%) | 41 (13) | 11 (11) | ||
Worst pain intenstity | Pre-surgery, mean ± SD | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.4 | 0.322 |
3 months, mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 1.8 ± 2.7 | 0.013 | |
6 months, mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 0.031 | |
12 months, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 1.9 | 1.7 ± 2.5 | 0.034 | |
Comorbiditiese,c | Hypertension, n (%) | 144 (48) | 45 (50) | 0.745 |
Back/Neck problems, n (%) | 70 (23) | 27 (30) | 0.201 | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 49 (16) | 14 (16) | 0.885 | |
Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 34 (11) | 29 (32) | <0.001 | |
Headache, n (%) | 16 (6) | 11 (12) | 0.025 | |
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 12 (4) | 11 (12) | 0.004 | |
Depression, n (%) | 9 (3) | 12 (13) | <0.001 | |
Other medical problems, n (%) | 69 (23) | 22 (24) | 0.675 | |
Number of comorbiditiese median (range) | 1 (0–6) | 2 (0–6) | 0.010 | |
Body mass index | Kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 26.4 ± 4.8 | 0.046 |