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Table 2 Level of hope at 12 months in individual items in the Herth Hope Index by sex (N = 320)

From: The association between hope, marital status, depression and persistent pain in men and women following cardiac surgery

Individual Items

Men

Women

p value

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

 

1. I have a positive oulook torward life

3.5 ± 0.6

3.2 ± 0.6

0.003

2. I have short and/or long range goals

3.2 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.8

0.465

3. I feel all alonea

3.6 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 0.8

<0.001

4. I can see possibilities in the midst of difficulties

3.1 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 0.7

0.819

5. I have a faith that gives me comfort

2.4 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.0

0.051

6. I feel scared about my futurea

3.2 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.9

0.004

7. I can recall happy/joyful times

3.5 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 0.6

0.802

8. I have a deep inner strength

3.2 ± 0.6

3.2 ± 0.6

0.926

9. I am able to give and receive caring/love

3.4 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.6

0.710

10. I have a sense of direction

3.2 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 0.6

0.502

11. I belive that each day has a potential

3.3 ± 0.6

3.2 ± 0.6

0.285

12. I fell my life has value and worth

3.4 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 0.6

0.243

Herth Hope Index total score

38.9 ± 4.9

38.1 ± 5.9

0.455

  1. Scores range from 1 to 4 with higher scores indicating higher levels of hope
  2. aItem is scored reversed