The association between hope, marital status, depression and persistent pain in men and women following cardiac surgery

Table 3 Linear mixed model; variables associated with the Herth Hope Index total score^a across time

Variables	Coef.	95% C.I	p value
Time^b
6 months	- 0.11	[− 0.58, 0.37]	0.646
12 months	0.27	[− 0.21, 0.75]	0.267
Sex^c	0.94	[− 0.53, 2.42]	0.211
Age > 65^d	−0.96	[− 1.86, −0.05]	0.039
Surgery^e
Isolated Valve	1.16	[0.23, 2.11]	0.014
Valve and CABG	0.29	[− 1.22, 1.81]	0.711
Marital status^f	−0.79	[− 2.01, 0.43]	0.208
Educational status^g	1.21	[0.09, 2.31]	0.033
Depression	−4.78	[− 6.71, − 2.83]	<0.001
Worst pain intensity	−0.39	[− 0.54, −0.23]	<0.001
Sex^aMarital status	−2.38	[− 4.61, − 0.12]	0.039

ISSN: 1472-6874