|
Characteristic
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 4
|
|---|
|
Odds Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Odds Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Odds Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Odds Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|---|
|
Parity
|
|
Childlessref
|
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
|
Only one child
|
1.293***
|
0.790 2.114
|
1.250***
|
0.762 2.051
|
1.295***
|
0.789 2.126
|
1.223***
|
0.739 2.023
|
|
Two or more children
|
1.570**
|
1.074 2.294
|
1.523**
|
1.037 2.247
|
1.672**
|
1.140 2.452
|
1.508**
|
1.017 2.234
|
|
Maternal age
|
|
35–39 yearsref
| | |
1.000
|
–
| | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
40–44 years
| | |
0.927***
|
0.813 1.056
| | | | |
|
45–49 years
| | |
0.861**
|
0.751 0.988
| | | | |
|
Education
|
|
Noneref
| | |
1.000
|
–
| | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Primary
| | |
1.566*
|
1.351 1.816
| | | | |
|
Secondary
| | |
1.285**
|
1.086 1.519
| | | | |
|
Higher
| | |
0.754**
|
0.591 0.961
| | | | |
|
Age at first marriage
|
|
Less than 15 yearsref
| | |
1.000
|
–
| | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
15–19 years
| | |
1.037***
|
0.893 1.203
| | | | |
|
20–24 years
| | |
1.238**
|
1.041 1.471
| | | | |
|
25 years or older
| | |
1.087***
|
0.887 1.332
| | | | |
|
Pregnancy termination
|
|
Ever terminatedref
| | |
1.000
|
–
| | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Never terminated
| | |
0.707*
|
0.613 0.816
| | | | |
|
Proportion who justified wife-battery
|
|
Low
| | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
|
High
| | | | |
1.462*
|
1.245 1.718
|
1.425*
|
1.216 1.671
|
|
Proportion who witnessed interparental violence
|
|
Low
| | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
|
High
| | | | |
1.510*
|
1.294 1.761
|
1.359*
|
1.167 1.582
|
|
Community residence type
|
|
Urbanref
| | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
|
Rural
| | | | |
1.125***
|
0.979 1.292
|
1.005***
|
0.855 1.182
|
|
Geographic region
|
|
North-centralref
| | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
1.000
|
–
|
|
North-east
| | | | |
1.077***
|
0.879 1.319
|
1.274**
|
1.120 1.590
|
|
North-west
| | | | |
0.314*
|
0.326 0.478
|
0.544*
|
0.439 0.676
|
|
South-east
| | | | |
1.157***
|
0.911 1.471
|
0.792***
|
0.618 1.014
|
|
South-south
| | | | |
0.770**
|
0.600 0.988
|
0.540*
|
0.417 0.698
|
|
South-west
| | | | |
0.528**
|
0.411 0.676
|
0.479*
|
0.372 0.616
|
|
Type of marriage
|
|
Monogamyref
| | | | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Polygyny
| | | | | | |
1.276*
|
1.125 1.448
|
|
Partner alcoholic consumption
|
|
Does not drinkref
| | | | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Drinks
| | | | | | |
2.952*
|
2.563 3.400
|
|
Family power relation
|
|
Not male dominatedref
| | | | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Male dominated
| | | | | | |
0.879**
|
0.774 0.998
|
|
Household wealth
|
|
Poorestref
| | | | | | |
1.000
|
–
|
|
Poorer
| | | | | | |
1.101***
|
0.915 1.323
|
|
Middle
| | | | | | |
1.058***
|
0.861 1.301
|
|
Richer
| | | | | | |
0.935***
|
0.737 1.188
|
|
Richest
| | | | | | |
0.771***
|
0.580 1.024
|
- Ref. (reference category); *p < 0.001, **p < 0.05, ***p > 0.05 (not significant)
