Table 2 Family dimensions and ECP

Family dimensions

Significance test and effect size test

N

M

SD

N

M

SD

Maternal knowledge

248

1.71

0.39

104

1.67

0.43

t(350) = 0.911. p = .363

d = 0.10

Paternal knowledge

194

1.41

0.54

80

1.22

0.59

t(272) = 2.545, p = .011

d = 0.34

Communication with the mother

247

1.80

0.94

104

1.89

0.91

t(349) = −0.853, p = .394

d = 0.10

Communication with the father

197

1.28

0.91

80

1.10

0.92

t(275) = 1.482, p = .140

d = 0.20

Maternal affection

246

1.58

0.48

102

1.52

0.49

t(346) = 0.979, p = .328

d = 0.12

Paternal affection

196

1.35

0.59

76

1.27

0.55

t(270) = 1.004, p = .316

d = 0.14

Family dimensions

Significance test and effect size test

N

M

SD

N

M

SD

Maternal knowledge

68

1.73

0.36

36

1.55

0.53

t(52.290) = 1.865, p = .068

d = 0.43

Paternal knowledge

49

1.30

0.51

31

1.09

0.69

t(50.751) = 1.474, p = .147

d = 0.36

Communication with the mother

68

1.97

0.86

36

1.75

1.00

t(102) = 1.174, p = .243

d = 0.24

Communication with the father

49

1.20

0.91

31

0.94

0.93

t(78) = 1.274, p = .206

d = 0.28

Maternal affection

66

1.63

0.42

36

1.33

0.57

t(56.070) = 2.850, p = .006

d = 0.63

Paternal affection

48

1.29

0.54

28

1.24

0.58

t(74) = 0.344, p = .732

d = 0.09