Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants
All participants | Those engaged in specialized or technical work | Those engaged in clerical work or management | Those engaged in sales | Those engaged in service industry, security, forwarding, cleaning, packaging, or other business | Those engaged in manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, or fisheries | Those engaged in unclassifiable businesses or students | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 164) | (N = 43) | (N = 55) | (N = 17) | (N = 35) | (N = 7) | (N = 7) | ||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Mother’s age* | 43 | 55 | 17 | 35 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||
20’s | 50 | 30.5 | 8 | 18.6 | 12 | 21.8 | 10 | 58.8 | 16 | 45.7 | 2 | 28.6 | 2 | 28.6 |
30’s | 108 | 65.9 | 33 | 76.7 | 40 | 72.7 | 7 | 41.2 | 19 | 54.3 | 5 | 71.4 | 4 | 57.1 |
40’s | 6 | 3.7 | 2 | 4.7 | 3 | 5.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 14.3 |
Partner’s presence)a | ||||||||||||||
Yes | 161 | 98.2 | 43 | 100.0 | 55 | 100.0 | 17 | 100.0 | 32 | 91.4 | 7 | 100.0 | 7 | 100.0 |
No | 3 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 8.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Number of children**)b | ||||||||||||||
0 | 79 | 48.2 | 24 | 55.8 | 20 | 36.4 | 7 | 41.2 | 20 | 57.1 | 5 | 71.4 | 3 | 42.9 |
1 | 53 | 32.3 | 13 | 30.2 | 23 | 41.8 | 6 | 35.3 | 9 | 25.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 28.6 |
2 | 22 | 13.4 | 5 | 11.6 | 8 | 14.5 | 3 | 17.6 | 5 | 14.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 14.3 |
3 or over | 10 | 6.1 | 1 | 2.3 | 4 | 7.3 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 28.6 | 1 | 14.3 |
Mother’s education | ||||||||||||||
Junior high school | 4 | 2.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.8 | 1 | 5.9 | 2 | 5.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
High school | 42 | 25.6 | 1 | 2.3 | 12 | 21.8 | 9 | 52.9 | 14 | 40.0 | 3 | 42.9 | 3 | 42.9 |
Colleges of Technology | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Professional training colleges | 45 | 27.4 | 21 | 48.8 | 9 | 16.4 | 3 | 17.6 | 10 | 28.6 | 1 | 14.3 | 1 | 14.3 |
Junior college | 29 | 17.7 | 6 | 14.0 | 13 | 23.6 | 2 | 11.8 | 5 | 14.3 | 1 | 14.3 | 2 | 28.6 |
University | 40 | 24.4 | 12 | 27.9 | 19 | 34.5 | 2 | 11.8 | 4 | 11.4 | 2 | 28.6 | 1 | 14.3 |
Graduate school | 4 | 2.4 | 3 | 7.0 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Household income | ||||||||||||||
< 2 million yen | 5 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 5.9 | 3 | 8.6 | 1 | 14.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
2.0–3.9 million yen | 56 | 34.1 | 10 | 23.3 | 15 | 27.3 | 9 | 52.9 | 15 | 42.9 | 3 | 42.9 | 4 | 57.1 |
4.0–5.9 million yen | 43 | 26.2 | 11 | 25.6 | 14 | 25.5 | 4 | 23.5 | 11 | 31.4 | 1 | 14.3 | 2 | 28.6 |
6.0–7.9 million yen | 28 | 17.1 | 11 | 25.6 | 10 | 18.2 | 2 | 11.8 | 4 | 11.4 | 1 | 14.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
8.0–9.9 million yen | 20 | 12.2 | 8 | 18.6 | 9 | 16.4 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 2.9 | 1 | 14.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
10.0–11.9 million yen | 8 | 4.9 | 2 | 4.7 | 4 | 7.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 14.3 |
12.0–14.9 million yen | 2 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 3.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
15.0–19.9 million yen | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
≥ 20 million yen | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |