Table 1 Summary characteristics of anthropometric and body composition measurements
Outcome variable | Mean (SD) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Month 1 | Month 2 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
Weight (kg) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 75.9* (11.3) | 75.9* (11.4) | 75.8* (11.3) | 75.5* (11.2) | 74.9* (11.5) | 75.7 (11.5) | 75.4* (11.4) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 72.6 (11.5) | 72.5 (11.3) | 72.3 (11.5) | 72.2 (11.5) | 71.7 (11.3) | 72.5 (11.8) | 72.0 (12.1) |
BMI (km/m2) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 31.6 (4.1) | 31.6* (4.2) | 31.3 (4.1) | 31.2 (4.2) | 31.1 (4.2) | 31.4 (4.2) | 31.4 (4.3) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 30.9 (4.2) | 30.4 (3.9) | 30.9 (4.3) | 30.36 (4.1) | 30.3 (4.2) | 30.8 (4.3) | 30.6 (4.5) |
Waist circumference (cm) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 94.8 (10.1) | 93.8 (10.0) | 93.2 (9.8) | 92.71 (9.6) | 91.8 (9.2) | 91.5 (9.6) | 90.7 (9.0) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 92.8 (9.4) | 92.5 (8.9) | 91.8 (9.0) | 90.72 (9.5) | 90.5 (9.6) | 89.2 (9.9) | 88.8 (9.2) |
Hip circumference (cm) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 111.4 (9.2) | 110.5 (9.4) | 109.5 (9.2) | 108.8 (8.9) | 109.0* (8.9) | 109.8 (9.4) | 110.8* (9.4) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 109.5 (8.7) | 108.8 (8.8) | 107.5 (9.2) | 107.2 (8.7) | 106.7 (9.1) | 107.8 (9.8) | 107.1 (9.8) |
Waist-hip-ratio | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.84 (0.1) | 0.83 (0.1) | 0.82 (0.1) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.85 (0.1) | 0.84 (0.1) | 0.83 (0.1) | 0.82 (0.1) |
Fat mass (kg) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 34.8 (7.9) | – | – | – | 33.6 (8.1) | – | 33.9 (9.2) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 32.8 (7.9) | – | – | – | 31.8 (8.1) | – | 32.8 (9.2) |
Percentage Body fat (%) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 45.2 (5.0) | – | – | – | 43.8 (5.4) | – | 44.5 (7.4) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 44.7 (4.7) | – | – | – | 43.9 (5.8) | – | 45.1 (7.3) |
Visceral fat area (cm2) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 128.1* (23.9) | – | – | – | 122.5 (23.3) | – | 124.8 (26.9) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 120.5 (23.9) | – | – | – | 117.2 (24.2) | – | 118.5 (27.7) |
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | |||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 22.2* (2.8) | – | – | – | 22.2* (2.3) | – | 22.4* (3.0) |
 Control Group (n = 118) | 21.5 (3.0) | – | – | – | 21.3 (3.0) | – | 21.1 (3.0) |