Table 2 Difference between dietary intake and health literacy groups at WL intervention and WL maintenance phase among participants (n=209)
Intervention | Control | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention measurements | Mean change ± SD | Mean change ± SD | ||||||||
With HL improvement | Without HL improvement | p value | With HL improvement | Without HL improvement | p value | |||||
Calories intake (kcal) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 459 | ±508 | 156 | ±445 | 0.004* | 133 | ±434 | 166 | ±477 | 0.755 |
WL maintenance | 36 | ±354 | -12 | ±312 | 0.550 | 238 | ±492 | 38 | ±319 | 0.145 |
Protein intake (g) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 15.4 | ±21.8 | 5.7 | ±20.8 | 0.040* | 4.3 | ±16.0 | 7.1 | ±21.6 | 0.537 |
WL maintenance | 0 | ±16.2 | 2.0 | ±13.8 | 0.587 | 3.1 | ±20.5 | -0.5 | ±18.1 | 0.450 |
Carbohydrate intake (g) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 56.9 | ±67.1 | 13.5 | ±73.4 | 0.007* | 11.5 | ±75.7 | 16.4 | ±73.2 | 0.773 |
WL maintenance | 8.1 | ±54.4 | -5.2 | ±47.0 | 0.273 | 49.1 | ±78.0 | 4.3 | ±50.5 | 0.005 |
Total fat intake (g) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 17.2 | ±23.8 | 7.0 | ±19.5 | 0.030* | 6.7 | ±18.1 | 5.4 | ±19.1 | 0.754 |
WL maintenance | 1.2 | ±14.6 | 1.4 | ±13.7 | 0.946 | 3.2 | ±19.1 | 4.1 | ±16.2 | 0.843 |
Dietary fiber intake (g) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 2.2 | ±5.1 | 0.3 | ±3.5 | 0.041* | 0.4 | ±3.6 | 0.6 | ±3.7 | 0.742 |
WL maintenance | -0.16 | ±2.4 | -1.2 | ±3.5 | 0.193 | 1.5 | ±3.9 | 0 | ±2.6 | 0.064 |
Cholesterol intake (mg) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 56.0 | ±202 | 23.9 | ±112.7 | 0.415 | 16.3 | ±148.7 | 17.0 | ±167.3 | 0.983 |
WL maintenance | 4.0 | ±141.2 | 3.7 | ±83.5 | 0.990 | -13.9 | ±130.4 | 0.9 | ±126.7 | 0.647 |
Sodium intake (mg) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 444.0 | ±974.0 | 27.5 | ±794.5 | 0.029* | -66.3 | ±1077.4 | 90.5 | ±936.3 | 0.492 |
WL maintenance | -85.1 | ±665.2 | -4.3 | ±690.0 | 0.627 | 293.6 | ±784.5 | -18.0 | ±636.6 | 0.077 |
Vitamin C intake (mg) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 15.4 | ±59.0 | 5.9 | ±81.8 | 0.568 | 3.0 | ±71.9 | 24.0 | ±70.3 | 0.201 |
WL maintenance | -20.2 | ±64.3 | -24.0 | ±77.2 | 0.833 | 31.5 | ±72.3 | -2.4 | ±54.7 | 0.205 |
Calcium intake (mg) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 115.1 | ±242.3 | -3.9 | ±230.8 | 0.023* | 38.5 | ±214.6 | 102.6 | ±336.0 | 0.350 |
WL maintenance | 37.6 | ±194.0 | 21.3 | ±186.5 | 0.723 | 54.0 | ±162.2 | 11.5 | ±221.0 | 0.404 |
Iron intake (mg) | ||||||||||
WL intervention | 4.8 | ±7.6 | 2.6 | ±6.3 | 0.138 | 3.0 | ±6.5 | 1.9 | ±6.6 | 0.477 |
WL maintenance | -0.7 | ±4.0 | -0.5 | ±3.4 | 0.166 | 0.1 | ±5.0 | -0.4 | ±5.1 | 0.689 |