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Table 2 Unadjusted an adjusted multivariable associations between IPV and risk factors

From: Domestic and intimate partner violence among pregnant women in a low resource setting in South Africa: a facility-based, mixed methods study

 

OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Parity: Nulliparous

1

 

 Primiparous

0.75(0.38–1.46)

 

 Secundiparous

0.52(0.22–1.59)

 

 Multiparous

0.83 (0.33–2.11)

 

Gravida: Primigravida

1

 

 Secundigravida

0.92(0.45–1.86)

 

 Multigravida

0.59(0.29–1.18)

 

Gestation: 1st trimester

1

 

 2nd trimester

1.08(0.53–2.15)

 

 3rd trimester

0.67(0.18–2.53)

 

Age: 18–24 years

1

1

 25 29 years

0.95 (0.50–1.78)

0.99 (0.48–2.05)

  > 29 years

0.35 (0.16–0.78)*

0.25 (0.09–0.65)*

Education level (≥Grade 10)

1.11 (0.62–1.98)

 

Working currently

0.46 (0.25–0.86)*

0.26 (0.15–1.66)

Socio Economic Status: Least poor

1

1

 Poor

0.92 (0.42–2.00)

1.11 (0.46–2.68)

 Very poor

0.63 (0.27–1.44)

0.81 (0.32–2.06)

 Poorest

1.04 (0.48–2.22)

1.05 (0.44–2.49)

Food insecure

2.62 (1.47–4.67)**

1.96 (1.01–3.76)*

Relationship type: Married

1

1

 Stable partner

2.23 (1.20–4.48)*

2.48 (1.17–5.27)*

 Casual partner

1.34 (0.27–6.54)

0.99 (0.17–5.76)

 Single

2.35 (0.69–8.03)

1.72 (0.42–7.08)

Perceived support from family

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

1.06 (0.98–1.45)

Perceived support from friends

0.96 (0.92–0.99)*

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

Perceived support from “special person”

0.89 (0.86–0.97)**

0.91 (0.82–0.99)*

Past abusea

4.30 (2.39–7.72)**

4.81 (2.28–10.12)**

Not pleased with pregnancy

2.94 (1.61–5.35)**

2.54 (1.28–2.04)**

MINI assessed mental health problem

2.7 (1.51–4.80)**

1.33 (1.25–2.69)*

History of mental health problems

2.03 (1.02–4.02)*

1.93 (1.20–2.17)*

  1. *significant at p ≤ 0.05, **significant at p ≤ 0.01
  2. aFrom item on RFA “I have experienced some kind of abuse in the past e.g. physical, emotional, sexual, rape”