Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample and bivariate analysis by experience of any intimate partner violence
Never experienced IPV | Experienced IPV | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Women's status | p < 0.001 | ||
Low | 5168 (32.7) | 1764 (33.5) | 6932 (32.8) |
Middle | 5138 (33.8) | 1815 (35.2) | 6953 (34.1) |
High | 5296 (33.6) | 1621 (31.3) | 6917 (33.0) |
Age groups | p < 0.001 | ||
15–24 | 4046 (25.1) | 1071 (19.9) | 5117 (23.9) |
25–34 | 6229 (37.7) | 2253 (40.4) | 8482 (38.3) |
35–44 | 3870 (26.3) | 1446 (29.9) | 5316 (27.2) |
45–49 | 1591 (10.9) | 454 (9.7) | 2045 (10.6) |
Residence | p < 0.001 | ||
Urban | 5547 (35.3) | 1976 (41.1) | 7523 (36.7) |
Rural | 10,055 (64.7) | 3224 (58.9) | 13,279 (63.3) |
Wealth level | p < 0.001 | ||
Poorest | 3455 (25.3) | 764 (14.1) | 4219 (22.7) |
Poorer | 3283 (21.3) | 1108 (21.5) | 4391 (21.4) |
Middle | 2819 (16.9) | 1157 (21.4) | 3976 (18.0) |
Richer | 2948 (17.5) | 1144 (21.0) | 4092 (18.3) |
Richest | 3097 (19.0) | 1027 (22.1) | 4124 (19.7) |
Region | p < 0.001 | ||
North Central | 2384 (12.6) | 943 (17.9) | 3327 (13.8) |
North East | 2396 (14.8) | 1427 (21.9) | 3823 (16.5) |
North West | 5506 (42.5) | 514 (17.2) | 6020 (36.5) |
South East | 1296 (7.3) | 589 (11.8) | 1885 (8.4) |
South South | 1743 (8.3) | 958 (14.5) | 2701 (9.8) |
South West | 2411 (14.6) | 793 (16.8) | 3204 (15.1) |
Partner’s controlling behaviour | p < 0.001 | ||
No controlling behaviour | 6584 (41.6) | 832 (17.2) | 7416 (35.9) |
Has controlling behaviour | 9018 (58.4) | 4368 (82.8) | 13,386 (64.1) |
Woman’s attitude to wife-beating | p < 0.001 | ||
Does not justify wife-beating | 10,030 (65.8) | 2725 (53.4) | 12,755 (62.8) |
Justifies wife-beating | 5572 (34.2) | 2475 (46.6) | 8047 (37.2) |
Community level male justification of wife-beating | p < 0.001 | ||
No justification | 2023 (14.2) | 378 (6.7) | 2401 (12.5) |
Justification | 13,579 (85.8) | 4822 (93.3) | 18,401 (87.6) |
Community level control of female behaviour | p < 0.001 | ||
Low | 5681 (35.3) | 998 (19.6) | 6679 (31.6) |
Moderate | 4804 (29.4) | 1861 (39.1) | 6665 (31.7) |
High | 5117 (35.3) | 2341 (41.4) | 7458 (36.8) |
TOTAL | 15,602 (76.4) | 5200 (23.6) | 20,802 (100) |