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Table 1 Sample characteristics and OR (adjusted for woman’s age and urban/rural location) with past year physical or sexual violence

From: Unequal power relations and partner violence against women in Tanzania: a cross-sectional analysis

  

N

% Past year Violence

OR

p-value

Woman’s characteristics

 Married

Married

936

31.7

1

 
 

Cohabiting (not married)

342

33.6

1.14

0.487

 Education

No education

205

38.0

1

 
 

Incomplete primary

170

43.3

1.29

0.422

 

complete primary

688

31.8

0.73

0.161

 

Incomplete secondary

88

27.7

0.52

0.202

 

Complete secondary or higher

127

22.3

0.51

0.055

 Working

Not working

219

28.0

1

 
 

Unpaid/ in-kind

453

36.2

1.37

0.233

 

Seasonal paid

287

39.8

1.68

0.056

 

Stable paid

319

26.2

0.96

0.890

 Capital assets

Doesn’t own

551

26.3

1

 
 

Owns alone

307

36.2

1.85

0.003

 

Joint ownership

420

39.1

2.04

< 0.001

 Parity

None

112

26.2

1

 
 

1

213

30.9

1.51

0.240

 

2

273

33.2

1.94

0.051

 

3

234

35.4

2.51

0.012

 

4

159

35.2

3.21

0.007

 

5 or more

287

34.6

3.67

0.007

 Age at first cohabitation

21 years or more

310

27.2

1

 

17 years or less

508

37.7

1.57

0.037

18–20 years

460

31.1

1.16

0.463

 Age at first intercourse

18 years or more

442

23.9

1

 

17 years or less

836

37.3

1.85

0.001

 Attitudes

No reason to hit

535

23.3

1

 
 

At least one reason to hit

743

39.7

2.08

< 0.001

 Alcohol use

None or infrequent use

1185

31.4

1

 
 

Frequent use

93

54.4

3.16

< 0.001

 Non partner physical violence

No

1193

32.2

1

 

Yes

79

43.4

1.58

0.173

 Non partner sexual violence

No

1217

32.2

1

 

Yes

61

49.2

2.82

0.001

 Mother hit

No / DK

823

26.2

1

 
 

Yes

455

44.6

2.47

< 0.001

Household characteristics

 Household SES

Poorest

246

37.9

1

 

Poorer

238

35.1

0.93

0.782

Middle

268

35.3

0.95

0.866

Richer

296

34.8

0.95

0.856

Richest

230

20.9

0.50

0.034

Man’s characteristics

 Age

20–29

339

37.1

1

 
 

30–39

575

33.7

0.95

0.830

 

40–49

364

28.7

0.79

0.511

 Education

No education

140

34.6

1

 
 

Incomplete primary

206

36.4

1.16

0.643

 

complete primary

695

33.1

1.02

0.950

 

Incomplete secondary

91

33.3

0.97

0.935

 

Complete secondary or higher

146

27.9

0.94

0.850

 Working

Unpaid / In-kinda

173

53.0

1

 
 

Seasonal paid

485

33.2

0.42

< 0.001

 

Stable paid

619

28.5

0.37

< 0.001

 Attitudes

No reason to hit

868

28.6

1

 
 

At least one reason to hit

410

41.8

1.90

< 0.001

 Polygamy

No

1138

31.2

1

 
 

Yes

140

47.0

2.03

0.008

 Fathered children

None or one woman

841

30.8

1

 
 

More than one woman

436

37.6

1.39

0.049

 Frequent alcohol use

No

968

27.3

1

 

Yes

287

50.3

1.96

0.001

Relational factors

 Relative age

Same

556

35.0

1

 

Him older 5–9 years

468

33.7

0.86

0.415

Him older 10+ years

234

27.7

0.58

0.010

Her older 5+ years

20

30.0

0.88

0.836

 Relative education

Both no education

58

42.2

1

 

Both same

590

30.9

0.73

0.393

His higher

347

37.0

1.03

0.945

Hers higher

283

30.7

0.69

0.336

 Relative employment status

Both unpaid/ not working

111

53.9

1

 

Both same type

344

27.4

0.37

0.001

Him higher

677

32.5

0.45

0.003

Hers higher

145

36.0

0.53

0.057

 Relative attitudes

Both no reason

395

20.5

1

 

Both reason to hit

270

46.7

3.53

< 0.001

Him reason

140

31.3

1.82

0.039

Her reason

473

35.3

1.99

0.001

 Relative alcohol use

Neither use

940

29.5

1

 

Both used

63

57.1

4.70

< 0.001

Him only

224

38.6

1.72

0.012

Her only

28

49.9

2.44

0.031

  1. aIncludes Not working