Skip to main content

Table 4 The association between flexibility of abortion laws and maternal mortality ratio after adjusting for GDP per capita and time trends, 1985–2013

From: Abortion laws reform may reduce maternal mortality: an ecological study in 162 countries

 

Model adjusted for GDP and Time intervals (N = 3926, n = 161)

Model adjusted for GDP, FPC, and Time interval (N = 1990, n = 144)

Flexibility score as a 7 level categorical variable (Baseline = Score 0)

Score

Coefficient

95% Confidence interval

p-value

Coefficient

95% Confidence interval

p-value

 Score 1

− 54

(−94, −14)

0.008

−13

(− 73, 48)

0.681

 Score 2

−69

(−119, −20)

0.006

−26

(−95, 43)

0.454

 Score 3

− 132

(−179, −85)

< 0.001

−50

(− 116, 16)

0.134

 Score 4

−70

(−119, −21)

0.005

−11

(−75, 54)

0.748

 Score 5

−119

(− 166, −73)

< 0.001

−65

(− 129, −2)

0.044

 Score 6

−17

(−86, 51)

0.622

2

(−83, 87)

0.965

 Score 7

−72

(− 118, −26)

< 0.001

−18

(−79, 43)

0.56

 GDP

0.005

(0.004, 0.005)

< 0.001

0.004

(0.003, 0.004)

< 0.001

 FPC

   

−1.8

(−2.1, −1.4)

< 0.001

 1990–1994*

−42

(−51, −33)

< 0.001

−39

(−50, −27)

< 0.001

 1995–1999

− 77

(−86, −68)

< 0.001

−72

(−84, −60)

< 0.001

 2000–2004

−116

(− 126, − 107)

< 0.001

−96

(− 108, −85)

< 0.001

 2005–2009

− 173

(− 184, − 163)

< 0.001

−134

(− 147, −120)

< 0.001

 2010–2013

−220

(− 233, −206)

< 0.001

− 164

(− 182, −147)

< 0.001

 Constant

419

(379, 459)

< 0.001

492

(429, 556)

< 0.001

Flexibility score as a binary variable (Score < 3 versus > = 3)

 Flexibility Score > = 3

−45

(−64, – 26)

< 0.001

−25

(−46, − 4)

0.022

 GDP

0.005

(0.004, 0.005)

< 0.001

0.004

(0.003, 0.005)

< 0.001

 FPC

   

−2

(−2, −1)

< 0.001

 1990–1994*

−42

(−51, −33)

< 0.001

−39

(−50, −27)

< 0.001

 1995–1999

−77

(−86, −68)

< 0.001

−73

(−84, −61)

< 0.001

 2000–2004

−116

(−126, − 107)

< 0.001

−97

(− 109, −85)

< 0.001

 2005–2009

−173

(− 184, −163)

< 0.001

− 135

(− 148, − 121)

< 0.001

 2010–2013

− 219

(− 232, − 205)

< 0.001

− 165

(− 182, − 148)

< 0.001

 Constant

369

(356, 383)

< 0.001

485

(456, 515)

< 0.001

  1. GDP Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (US$), FPC Female Primary Completion (Female, %)
  2. N = total number of observations, n = number of countries, *Baseline for five-year interval=1985-1989