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Table 4 Coefficient estimates from negative binomial regression model examining association between women’s empowerment and ideal number of children

From: Women’s empowerment and fertility preferences in high fertility countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

Variables

Burkina Faso

Mali

Niger

Chad

Model1

Model2

Model1

Model2

Model1

Model2

Model1

Model2

Women’s empowerment

 Empowerment index

−0.02***(− 0.03--0.01)

 

− 0.07**(− 0.02—0.01)

 

− 0.02**(− 0.03—0.00)

 

−0.01**(− 0.01—0.004)

 

  Economic Empowerment index

 

−0.01***(− 0.02—0.00)

 

− 0.02***(− 0.04—0.04)

 

−0.002(− 0.02–0.02)

 

0.04***(0.03–0.06)

 Socio-cultural empowerment index

 

0.00(−0.01–0.01)

 

−0.01*(− 0.02–0.00)

 

−0.03***(− 0.04—0.01)

 

− 0.01(− 0.02–0.004)

 Familial empowerment index

 

−0.03***(− 0.04—0.02)

 

−0.004(− 0.02–0.01)

 

0.00(− 0.01–0.01)

 

−0.02**(− 0.04--0.001)

Controls variables

Place of residence

 Rural

0.10(−0.01–0.04)

0.02(− 0.01–0.05)

0.04(− 0.01–0.10)

0.04(− 0.02–0.10)

0.14***(0.08–0.19)

0.15***(0.10–0.21)

−0.31(− 0.38—0.24)

−0.33(− 0.40—0.26)

Household wealth index

 Poor

−0.08***(− 0.12—0.05)

−0.08***(− 0.12—0.05)

0.25***(0.16–0.35)

0.25***(0.15–0.34)

0.14**(0.03–0.25)

0.15***(0.04–0.26)

−0.10***(− 0.17–0.04)

−0.09***(− 0.15—0.20)

 Middle

− 0.10***(− 0.14—0.06)

−0.10***(− 0.14—0.07)

0.001(− 0.12–0.12)

0.00(− 0.12–0.12)

0.01(−0.09–0.11)

0.01(− 0.08–0.11)

−0.09***(− 0.16—0.03)

−0.08**(− 0.14—0.01)

 Rich

− 0.07***(− 0.11—0.04)

−0.08***(− 0.11—0.04)

0.13***(0.05–0.22)

0.11***(0.03–0.20)

0.19***(0.09–0.28)

0.19***(0.09–0.29)

−0.10***(− 0.16—0.03)

−0.09***(− 0.16—0.03)

 Richest

− 0.21***(− 0.26—0.17)

−0.22***(− 0.26—0.17)

0.01(− 0.09–0.11)

−0.01(− 0.11–0.09)

0.13**(0.03–0.23)

0.14***(0.04–0.24)

−0.47***(− 0.56—0.38)

−0.45***(− 0.54—0.36)

Husband education

 Primary

−0.02*(− 0.05–0.00)

−0.02(− 0.05–0.01)

0.03(− 0.05–0.10)

0.02(− 0.05–0.09)

0.06**(0.01–0.12)

0.07*(0.02–0.13)

− 0.03(− 0.08–0.02)

− 0.02(− 0.07–0.03)

 Secondary

−0.19***(− 0.23—0.14)

−0.21***(− 0.25—0.16)

−0.08**(− 0.14—0.01)

−0.07**(− 0.14—0.01)

−0.24***(− 0.33—0.15)

−0.23***(− 0.32—0.14)

−0.14***(− 0.20—0.07)

−0.12***(− 0.18—0.06)

 Tertiary (High school)

− 0.16***(− 0.27—0.06)

−0.20***(− 0.31—0.10)

−0.15***(− 0.26—0.04)

−0.13**(− 0.24—0.02)

−0.50***(− 0.61—0.39)

−0.44***(− 0.55—0.32)

−0.12***(− 0.20—0.05)

−0.11***(− 0.18—0.05)

Household size

 4–6

−0.09**(− 0.17—0.02)

−0.10***(− 0.17—0.025)

0.22***(0.07–0.37)

0.25***(0.11–0.39)

0.22*(− 0.03–0.47)

0.21*(− 0.04–0.47)

0.09(−0.07–0.26)

0.14*(− 0.02–0.30)

 7–9

− 0.03(− 0.10–0.04)

− 0.04(− 0.11–0.03)

0.30***(0.15–0.44)

0.34***(0.19–0.48)

0.29**(0.04–0.54)

0.28**(0.02–0.53)

0.25***(0.09–0.42)

0.31***(0.15–0.47)

 10 and more

−0.01(− 0.08–0.06)

−0.02(− 0.10–0.05)

0.31***(0.16–0.46)

0.34***(0.20–0.48)

0.28**(0.03–0.54)

0.28**(0.03–0.53)

0.28***(0.12–0.44)

0.33***(0.17–0.48)

Polygamous union

 Yes

−0.002(− 0.03–0.02)

0.004(− 0.02–0.03)

−0.16(− 0.23—0.09

−0.16(− 0.23—0.09)

0.002(− 0.05–0.05)

−0.005(− 0.06–0.04)

−0.001(− 0.07–0.06)

0.03(− 0.05–0.10)

Religion

 Muslim

−0.31***(− 0.36—0.26)

− 0.34***(− 0.39—0.28)

−0.08(− 0.31–0.14)

−0.07(− 0.28–0.14)

−0.55(− 0.7—0.13)

−0.09*(− 0.1–0.04)

0.56(0.18–0.95)

0.51(0.13–088)

 Christian

−0.36***(− 0.41—0.31)

−0.37***(− 0.42—0.32)

0.09(− 0.18–0.36)

0.09(− 0.16–0.35)

−0.1(− 0.5–0.1)

− 1.01***(− 1.2—0.8)

0.07(0.02–0.11)

0.06(0.01–0.10)

 Animist/traditional

−0.31(− 0.37—0.25)

−0.33***(− 0.39—0.27)

−2.54***(− 2.1—2.4)

−1.5***(− 2.9—2.2)

−0.84(− 1.32—0.3)

−0.72***(− 1.1—0.45)

0.60**(0.09–1.02)

0.11(− 0.02–0.18)

Number of women

4020

4020

1307

1307

1160

1160

837

837

  1. *** Significant at 1%; ** significant at 5%; significant at 10%
  2. (): confidence intervals
  3. Note: Model1: explanatory variables (empowerment and controls variables)
  4. Model2: explanatory variables (desegregated empowerment index and controls variables)