Table 3 Barriers and Facilitators to uptake of CCS by study design
Barriers | Identified as statistically significant in QN study (# studies) | Identified as proportion or other result in QN study (# studies) | Identified in a QL study (# studies) | Total # studies in which identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor knowledge of CC | _ | _ | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Mwaka 2013 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Teng 2014 | 4 |
Poor knowledge of CCS | _ | _ | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Mwaka 2013 3. Ndejjo 2017b | 3 |
Low perceived risk of CC | _ | 1. Mutyaba 2006 2. Ndejjo 2017a 3. Twinomujuni 2015 | _ | 3 |
CC not considered significant / CCS not considered important | _ | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 2. Waiswa 2017 | 1. Teng 2014 | 3 |
Embarrassment | _ | _ | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Mwaka 2013 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Paul 2013 5. Teng 2014 | 5 |
Lack of privacy | _ | 1. Busingye 2012 2. Teng 2014 | 1. Mitchell 2011 2. Twinomujuni 2015 | 4 |
Fear of screening | _ | 1. Li 2017 2. Twinomujuni 2015 | 1. Busingye 2012 2. Hasahya 2016 3. Mwaka 2013 4. Paul 2013 5. Teng 2014 | 7 |
Fear of outcome | _ | _ | 1. Busingye 2012 2. Hasahya 2016 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Paul 2013 5. Teng 2014 | 5 |
Lack of financial / emotional support from spouse | _ | _ | 1. Mwaka 2013 | 1 |
Stigma | _ | _ | 1. Busingye 2012 2. Hasahya 2016 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Teng 2014 | 4 |
Traditional healers accessed over HCWs | _ | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2017b | 1 |
Older age | _ | 1. Mitchell 2011 | _ | 1 |
Residing in a remote or rural area | _ | 1. Waiswa 2017 | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Mwaka 2013 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Paul 2013 | 5 |
Limited access to CCS facility | 1. Ndejjo 2016 | 1. Osingada 2015 2. Waiswa 2017 | 1. Mwaka 2013 2. Ndejjo 2017b | 5 |
Limited resources and health infrastructure | _ | 1. Mutyaba 2006 | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Mwaka 2013 3. Ndejjo 2017b 4. Paul 2013 | 5 |
No time / long wait times | _ | 1. Li 2017 | 1. Busingye 2012 2. Paul 2013 | 3 |
Perceiving HCWs as rude | _ | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2017b | 1 |
Lack of trained HCWs | _ | _ | 1. Mwaka 2013 | 1 |
Financial costs associated with CCS | _ | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | 1. Mwaka 2013 2. Ndejjo 2017b 3. Paul 2013 | 4 |
Facilitators | Identified as statistically significant in QN study (# studies) | Identified as proportion or other result in QN study (# studies) | Identified in a QL study (# studies | Total # studies in which identified |
Knowledge of CC | _ | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2017b 2. Teng 2014 | 2 |
Knowledge of CCS | 1. Ndejjo 2016 2. Ndejjo 2017a | _ | _ | 2 |
Perceived risk of CC | 1. Mitchell 2011 2.Twinomujuni 2015 | 1. Ndejjo 2017a | _ | 3 |
CC considered significant disease / CCS considered important | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2017a | _ | 1 |
Experiencing signs / symptoms of CC | – | 1. Ndejjo 2016 | 1. Ndejjo 2017b 2. Paul 2013 | 3 |
Fear of outcome | _ | _ | 1. Paul 2013 | 1 |
Not afraid of outcome | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |
Wanted to know health status | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2016 2. Ndejjo 2017a | 1. Ndejjo 2017b | 3 |
Family or spousal support | _ | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | 1. Paul 2013 | 2 |
Personal / family experiences with CC or CCS | 1. Ndejjo 2016 | _ | 1. Hasahya 2016 2. Ndejjo 2017b | 3 |
Recommended to attend screening | 1, Ndejjo 2016 2. Osingada 201 | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | 1. Mwaka 2013 2. Paul 2013 | 5 |
Age > 25 years | 1. Osingada 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |
Postsecondary or greater education | 1. Busingye 2012 | _ | _ | 1 |
Higher income | 1. Ndejjo 2017a | _ | _ | 1 |
Formal employment | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |
Living with spouse | 1. Twinomujuni 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |
Smaller household size | 1. Ndejjo 2016 | _ | _ | 1 |
Residing in urban or semi urban areas | 1. Ndejjo 2016 | _ | _ | 1 |
Access to health facility where CCS offered | _ | 1. Ndejjo 2017a | _ | 1 |
Not being concerned about gender of HCW | 1. Osingada 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |
Community Outreach | 1. Osingada 2015 | _ | _ | 1 |