Characteristic | -n- | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRR [95%CI] | p-value | PRR [95%CI] | p-value | ||
Age | |||||
15–19 | 103 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
20–24 | 657 | 1.35 [0.99–1.84] | 0.055 | 1.24 [0.73–2.11] | 0.417 |
25–29 | 1147 | 1.45 [1.07–1.96] | 0.015 | 1.32 [0.77–2.24] | 0.309 |
30–34 | 1294 | 1.54 [1.14–2.07] | 0.005* | 1.42 [0.83–2.44] | 0.206 |
35–39 | 960 | 1.54 [1.14–2.08] | 0.005* | 1.48 [0.85–2.59] | 0.167 |
≥ 40 | 1037 | 1.45 [1.07–1.96] | 0.016* | 1.44 [0.81–2.57] | 0.217 |
Partner’s age | |||||
15–24 | 203 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
25–34 | 1468 | 1.18 [0.98–1.43] | 0.084 | 0.93 [0.72–1.28] | 0.631 |
35–44 | 1908 | 1.27 [1.05–1.53] | 0.013* | 0.87 [0.62–1.20] | 0.388 |
45–54 | 1171 | 1.21 [0.99–1.47] | 0.053 | 0.80 [0.55–1.16] | 0.241 |
≥ 55 | 448 | 1.15 [0.93–1.42] | 0.189 | 0.75 [0.47–1.19] | 0.223 |
Spousal age difference | |||||
Same age | 545 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Partner younger | 379 | 1.14 [0.98–1.32] | 0.083 | 1.43 [1.14–1.79] | 0.002* |
Partner < 10 years older | 2735 | 1.07 [0.96–1.20] | 0.204 | 1.20 [1.00–1.43] | 0.045* |
Partner ≥10 years older | 1324 | 1.11 [0.99–1.25] | 0.075 | 1.31 [1.05–1.64] | 0.017* |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 3079 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
In relationship but not married | 1371 | 0.80 [0.75–0.87] | < 0.05* | 0.96 [0.85–1.08] | 0.483 |
Never married | 107 | 0.51 [0.36–0.71] | < 0.05* | 0.97 [0.55–1.71] | 0.924 |
Divorced/ Separated/ Widowed | 641 | 0.77 [0.70–0.86] | < 0.05* | 1.07 [0.82–1.40] | 0.621 |
Highest level of education | |||||
No education | 723 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Primary | 2910 | 1.05 [0.96–1.14] | 0.333 | 1.08 [0.95–1.24] | 0.220 |
Secondary | 1372 | 0.91 [0.82–1.01] | 0.081 | 0.98 [0.84–1.15] | 0.782 |
Tertiary/ University or higher | 156 | 0.57 [0.43–0.76] | < 0.05* | 0.76 [0.52–1.11] | 0.162 |
Number of biological children | |||||
0 | 1342 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
1–2 | 1440 | 1.22 [1.11–1.34] | < 0.05* | 1.20 [0.95–1.51] | 0.123 |
3–4 | 1435 | 1.40 [1.28–1.54] | < 0.05* | 1.27 [1.00–1.59] | 0.045* |
≥ 5 | 981 | 1.46 [1.33–1.61] | < 0.05* | 1.34 [1.06–1.71] | 0.017* |
Wealth quintile | |||||
Lowest | 1054 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Second | 1026 | 1.02 [0.92–1.11] | 0.747 | 0.93 [0.82–1.05] | 0.241 |
Middle | 1041 | 0.99 [0.91–1.10] | 0.994 | 0.96 [0.84–1.09] | 0.498 |
Fourth | 1039 | 0.93 [0.84–1.02] | 0.138 | 0.96 [0.84–1.10] | 0.589 |
Highest | 1038 | 0.90 [0.82–0.99] | 0.036* | 0.90 [0.77–1.05] | 0.181 |
Duration on ART (years) | |||||
≤ 1 | 1131 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
2 | 738 | 1.12 [1.02–1.24] | 0.024* | 1.10 [0.94–1.28] | 0.229 |
3 | 720 | 1.05 [0.94–1.16] | 0.392 | 1.04 [0.89–1.21] | 0.641 |
4 | 555 | 1.07 [0.96–1.20] | 0.230 | 1.07 [0.90–1.26] | 0.454 |
≥ 5 | 2041 | 1.01 [0.93–1.09] | 0.886 | 1.02 [0.89–1.17] | 0.904 |
HIV status disclosure | |||||
Both know each other’s status | 1631 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Status not mutually known | 1862 | 1.00 [0.93–1.08] | 0.902 | Omitted | |
HIV status with partner | |||||
Both positive | 1887 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Woman positive and partner negative | 581 | 0.86 [0.77–0.96] | 0.008* | 0.87 [0.78–0.98] | 0.017* |