Fig. 2

Incidence of postpartum depression. Random-effects meta-analysis evaluating the effect of labor epidural analgesia on postpartum depression compared to control. Squares to the right of the middle vertical line indicates that labor epidural analgesia was associated with increased odds of postpartum depression, whereas squares to the left of the middle vertical line show that labor epidural analgesia was associated with decreased odds of postpartum depression. The horizontal lines represent the 95% CI and the diamond shape represents the overall effect of labor epidural analgesia on postpartum depression compared to control. CI = confidence interval