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Table 2 OLS regression of the mean score of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index and exposure to different types of violence

From: Quality of life, psychological distress and violence among women in close relationships: a population-based study in Finland

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

est

95%CI

est

95%CI

Est

95%CI

Types of violence Non-exposed

ref.

ref.

ref.

Physical or Sexual violence only

−0.34***

(− 0.39;-0.30)

− 0.34***

(− 0.38;-0.29)

− 0.32***

(− 0.37;− 0.28)

Emotional violence only

-0.28***

(− 0.36;-0.20)

− 0.24***

(− 0.32;-0.16)

−0.23***

(− 0.31;-0.15)

Combinations of violence

−0.51***

(− 0.57;-0.46)

−0.45***

(− 0.50;-0.39)

−0.44***

(− 0.49;-0.38)

Age in years

 19–30

  

0.08***

(0.05;0.10)

0.09***

(0.06;0.11)

 31–40

  

ref.

ref.

 41–54

  

−0.03**

(−0.05;-0.01)

−0.03**

(− 0.05;-0.01)

Education

 Less than 10 years

  

−0.13***

(−0.17;-0.08)

− 0.12***

(− 0.17;-0.08)

 11–14 years

  

ref.

ref.

 15 years +

  

0.13***

(0.12;0.15)

0.13***

(0.11;0.15)

Marital status

Married or cohabiting

  

ref.

ref.

Unmarried or no relationship

  

−0.18***

(−0.20;-0.16)

−0.17***

(− 0.19;-0.15)

Employment status

 Employed

  

ref.

ref.

 Not employed

  

−0.22***

(−0.24;-0.20)

− 0.22***

(− 0.24;-0.20)

Alcohol risk consumption (AUDIT-C) a

 0–2

    

−0.04***

(−0.06;-0.02)

 3–4

    

ref.

 5+

    

−0.08***

(−0.10;-0.05)

Cannabis use

 No

    

ref.

 Yes

    

−0.13***

(−0.19;-0.08)

 Adjusted R2

0.03

0.09

0.09

  1. aAUDIT-C scores: 5+ indicates excessive alcohol consumption
  2. Model 1: Types of violence only
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for social characteristics
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for social characteristics and substance use
  5. est: parameter estimates. 95%CI: 95% confidence interval
  6. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001