Table 4 Odds ratios from logistic regression analysis examining variations in the likelihood of experiencing an abortion in the last 10 years among women 18–49 years in 10 districts in Madagascar, 2015–2016

Variable

Values

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Age

≥35

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

25 to < 35

2.87 (2.11, 3.92)

< 0.0001*

2.52 (1.83, 3.48)

< 0.0001*

20 to < 25

4.16 (2.53, 6.85)

< 0.0001*

3.95 (2.33, 6.66)

< 0.0001*

< 20

5.50 (2.63, 11.49)

< 0.0001*

5.52 (2.53, 12.02)

< 0.0001*

Maximum Education

Primary school or less

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Middle school

1.87 (1.41, 2.47)

< 0.0001*

1.62 (1.18, 2.13)

0.002*

High school or more

2.61 (1.87, 3.64)

< 0.0001*

2.59 (1.71, 3.72)

< 0.0001*

Religion

Catholic

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar (FJKM)

0.92 (0.69, 1.23)

0.59

0.91 (0.68, 1.23)

0.56

Other Christian

1.29 (0.95, 1.75)

0.11

1.35 (0.98, 1.86)

0.07

Other (including Muslim, traditional religions)

0.57 (0.38, 0.86)

0.007*

0.74 (0.49, 1.13)

0.17

Civil Status

Single

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Married or living with a partner

0.67 (0.51, 0.89)

0.006*

0.77 (0.56, 1.05)

0.10

Other (Widowed, Divorced)

0.60 (0.38, 0.93)

0.02*

0.74 (0.46, 1.20)

0.22

SES^a

Quintile 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Quintile 2

0.76 (0.52, 1.11)

0.15

0.71 (0.48, 1.06)

0.09

Quintile 3

0.80 (0.55, 1.17)

0.25

0.71 (0.48, 1.06)

0.10

Quintile 4

1.07 (0.74, 1.54)

0.72

0.99 (0.68, 1.46)

0.98

Quintile 5

1.21 (0.85, 1.73)

0.28

0.97 (0.66, 1.43)

0.88

Transactional Sex

Never

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ever

1.53 (1.19, 1.96)

0.0008*

1.58 (1.21, 2.06)

0.0007*

Number of Live Births

0 live births

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

≥1live birth

0.86 (0.61, 1.21)

0.39

1.07 (0.72, 1.60)

0.73

Ideal Number of Children

< 4

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

≥4

0.67 (0.52, 0.86)

0.002*

0.84 (0.63, 1.10)

0.20

Contraceptive Use

No history of contraceptive use

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

History of using less effective methods only

2.20 (1.41, 3.44)

0.0005*

1.75 (1.10, 2.79)

0.02*

History of using more effective methods only

2.17 (1.55, 3.04)

< 0.0001*

1.91 (1.35, 2.71)

0.0003*

History of using both more and less effective methods

4.48 (2.92, 6.87)

< 0.0001*

3.68 (2.35, 5.77)

< 0.0001*