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Table 1 Characteristics and results of included studies concerned caffeine intake with infertility

From: Relationship between caffeine intake and infertility: a systematic review of controlled clinical studies

Study ID

Study Type

Participants

Exposure (Caffeine/coffee)

Comparison

Outcomes

Gender

Age

Sample size

Disease

Relative Risk(95%CI)

Buiatti 1984

Case-Control Study

Men

20-54y

239

≥100 mg/d

0 mg/d

Azoospermia/oligospermia

OR = 0.91 (0.46–1.82)

Grodstein 1993

Case-Control Study

Women

Unclear

4883

E1 100-167mg/d; E2 168-233mg/d;

E3>233mg/d

<100 mg/d

Primary infertility

OR1 = 1.00(0.79–1.25);

OR2 = 1.16(0.94–1.42);

OR3 = 1.36(1.16–1.60) a,b

Prazzini 1993

Case-Control Study

Men

Median 31-33y

216

E1 200-300 mg/d; E2 ≥ 400 mg/d

0-100 mg/d

Infertile men with dyspermia

OR1 = 1.7(0.8–3.7);

OR2 = 5.4 (2.4–12.6) c

Liv2018

Cohort Study

Women

20-29y

7574

Coffee:

E1 ≤ 200 ml/d

E2 200-400 ml/d

E3 ≥ 500 ml/d

0 ml/d

Infertile women

HR1 = 0.86(0.70–1.06);

HR2 = 0.88(0.73–1.06);

HR3 = 0.89(0.72–1.10);

     

Tea:

E1 ≤ 200 ml/d

E2 200-400 ml/d

E3 ≥ 500 ml/d

0 ml/d

 

HR1 = 1.10(0.84–1.44);

HR2 = 1.10(0.84–1.46);

HR3 = 1.15(0.87–1.53);

     

Caffeined:

E1 ≤ 1-168 mg/d

E2 169-333mg/d

E3 334-579mg/d

E4 ≥ 580 mg/d

0 mg/d

 

HR1 = 0.93(0.58–1.49);

HR2 = 0.91(0.57–1.47);

HR3 = 0.97(0.60–1.55);

HR4 = 0.93(0.58–1.50)e

  1. Note: E Exposure, OR Odds ratio, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval
  2. a This study classified the participants into 5 groups according to their primary disease and calculated the estimate effect of them respectively. Details of the information were reported in the main text of this review
  3. b OR were adjusted for center, age, lifetime number of sexual partners, current and former cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake
  4. c Age-Adjust OR
  5. d Total caffeine calculated from consumption of both coffee and tea
  6. e Educational level (≤9, 10–11 or ≥ 12 years of schooling), Smoking (yes or no), Marital status (married/cohabiting or single), Weekly alcohol intake and Year of birth-Adjust HR.