Caffeine intake | Large effect | Plausible confounding | Dose-response gradient | Anticipated absolute effectsa (95% CI) | Relative effect (95%CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk with non caffeine | Risk with caffeine | |||||||
Low dose (≤100 mg/d) | No | No | No | 197 per 1000 | 189 per 1000 (161 to 221) | OR 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | 4627 (2case-control studies + 1 cohort study) | ⊕ ⊕ ○○ Low |
Medium dose (≥200 mg/d) | No | No | No | 194 per 1000 | 215 per 1000 (143 to 309) | OR 1.14 (0.69–1.86) | 5353 (2case-control studies + 1 cohort study) | ⊕ ⊕ ○○ Low |
High dose (≥400 mg/d) | No | No | No | 186 per 1000 | 298 per 1000 (60 to 736) | OR 1.86 (0.28–12.22) | 2435 (1case-control study + 1 cohort study) | ⊕ ⊕ ○○ Low |