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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects

From: Independent risk factors for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes

N (%)

Patients with one or two SLNs (n = 389)

Variable

Characteristics

Negative ALN (n = 215)

Positive ALN (n = 174)

x2/Z

P

Demographic

X1

Age

    

< 60

162 (75.3)

146 (83.9)

4.2734

0.0387

≥60

53 (24.7)

28 (16.1)

  

 X2

Occupation

    

Manual labor

96 (44.7)

95 (54.6)

4.9281

0.0851

Mental work

51 (23.7)

40 (23.0)

  

Other

68 (31.6)

39 (22.4)

  

 X3

Menarchea

    

< 15

148 (68.8)

110 (63.2)

1.6259

0.2023

≥15

52 (0.24)

52 (29.9)

  

 X4

Menopausal status

    

Premenopausal

121 (56.3)

98 (56.3)

0.0001

0.9933

postmenopausal

94 (43.7)

76 (43.7)

  

Clinical Characteristics

 X5

Delay in diagnosis (days)a

    

0–90

86 (40.0)

68 (39.1)

0.0168

0.9866

91–180

49 (22.8)

39 (22.4)

  

181–365

28 (13.0)

29 (16.7)

  

> 366

51 (23.7)

37 (21.3)

  

 X6

Tumor primary site

    

Right

119 (55.3)

80 (46.0)

3.3805

0.066

Left

96 (44.7)

94 (54.0)

  

 X7

Tumor locationa

    

Upper Outer

125 (58.1)

113 (64.9)

5.2315

0.1556

Lower Outer

34 (15.8)

30 (17.2)

  

Upper Inner

41 (19.1)

19 (10.9)

  

Lower Inner

12 (5.6)

12 (6.9)

  

 X8

Tumor Sizea

    

≤2 cm

89 (41.4)

75 (43.1)

0.0299

0.8626

>  2 cm

112 (52.1)

91 (52.3)

  

 X9

Pathological typea

    

IDC

199 (92.6)

159 (91.4)

0.1822

0.6695

Other

16 (74.4)

15 (8.62)

  

 X10

ERa

    

(−)

42 (19.5)

36 (20.7)

0.0614

0.8043

(+)

169 (78.6)

136 (78.2)

  

 X11

PRa

    

(−)

66 (30.7)

55 (31.6)

0.0213

0.8839

(+)

145 (67.4)

117 (67.2)

  

 X12

HER-2a

    

(−)

137

106

0.0303

0.8618

(+)

38

28

  

 X13

Triple negativea

    

Yes

15 (6.98)

14 (8.00)

0.1933

0.6601

No

188 (87.4)

148 (85.1)

  

 X14

Ki-67a

    

(low)

164 (76.3)

133 (76.4)

0.0521

0.8195

(high)

47 (21.9)

36 (20.7)

  

 X15

Tumor Gradea

    

1

28 (13.0)

18 (10.3)

0.5895

0.5555

2

73 (34.0)

59 (33.9)

  

3

114 (53.0)

95 (54.6)

  

 X16

Postoperative ALNsa

    

0–10

55 (25.6)

53 (30.5)

−0.0294

0.9765

11–19

136 (63.3)

94 (54.0)

  

≥20

19 (8.8)

25 (14.4)

  

X17

Ratio of positive to total SLNsa

    

< 0.5

155 (72.1)

86 (49.4)

20.4071

< 0.0001

≥0.5

60 (28.0)

87 (50.0)

  
  1. Abbreviations: ER estrogen receptor, PR progesterone receptor, Her-2 human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, SLN sentinel lymph node, ALN axillary lymph node, IDC invasive ductal carcinoma, SD standard deviation. aMissing data: Menarche (n = 27); Delay in diagnosis (days) (n = 2); Tumor primary quadrant (n = 3); estrogen receptor (ER) (n = 6); Progesterone receptor (PR) (n = 6), Her-2 (n = 12); Ki-67 (n = 8); Tumor size (n = 22); Triple negative (n = 24); Tumor grade (n = 2); Ratio of positive to total SLNs (n = 1); and postoperative ALNs (n = 3). All lymph nodes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Her-2 positivity was defined as a score of 3+ or ≤ 2+ combined with an application on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The molecular subtypes were determined according to the criteria by the World Health Organization