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Table 4 Odds ratios from multilevel logistic regression analysis examining variations in current use of contraception among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in Zambia, ZDHS 1996–2013/14

From: Patterns, trends, and factors associated with contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Zambia (1996 to 2014): a multilevel analysis

 

1996

(n = 1181)

2001/2

(n = 1042)

2007

(n = 795)

2013/14

(n = 1879)

Current Contraceptive Use

AOR

p-values

[95%

CI]

AOR

p-values

[95%

CI]

AOR

p-values

[95%

CI]

AOR

p-values

[95%

CI]

Age

 15

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 16

2.252

0.171

(0.705

7.194)

0.494

0.139

(0.195

1.256)

1.063

0.885

(0.464

2.435)

1.049

0.889

(0.534

2.063)

 17

1.733

0.352

(0.544

5.521)

0.768

0.524

(0.342

1.728)

0.762

0.516

(0.335

1.732)

1.031

0.927

(0.539

1.970)

 18

2.872

0.062

(0.947

8.706)

1.058

0.884

(0.494

2.265)

1.425

0.372

(0.655

3.101)

2.717

0.001

(1.496

4.935)

 19

4.175

0.012

(1.377

12.656)

1.291

0.511

(0.603

2.764)

2.667

0.011

(1.255

5.668)

1.825

0.050

(1.001

3.328)

Province

 Central

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Copperbelt

1.345

0.544

(0.516

3.504)

2.671

0.017

(1.193

5.978)

1.262

0.640

(0.477

3.341)

0.904

0.750

(0.484

1.687)

 Eastern

3.147

0.017

(1.230

8.052)

1.425

0.425

(0.596

3.406)

2.257

0.062

(0.959

5.311)

0.937

0.817

(0.542

1.620)

 Luapula

0.539

0.319

(0.159

1.819)

3.234

0.004

(1.445

7.238)

0.390

0.117

(0.120

1.265)

0.602

0.161

(0.296

1.224)

 Lusaka

1.705

0.273

(0.657

4.427)

3.731

0.001

(1.671

8.332)

1.280

0.591

(0.521

3.143)

1.302

0.354

(0.745

2.273)

 Muchinga

            

0.793

0.472

(0.421

1.493)

 Northern

2.871

0.030

(1.109

7.437)

1.559

0.257

(0.724

3.359)

0.976

0.961

(0.375

2.541)

0.703

0.253

(0.384

1.287)

 North western

6.043

0.000

(2.301

15.875)

2.274

0.039

(1.041

4.967)

2.408

0.050

(1.000

5.800)

1.033

0.908

(0.592

1.803)

 Southern

1.302

0.619

(0.460

3.688)

1.763

0.189

(0.756

4.110)

1.108

0.822

(0.453

2.713)

1.110

0.719

(0.630

1.954)

 Western

2.301

0.080

(0.905

5.853)

1.735

0.208

(0.736

4.093)

5.967

0.000

(2.598

13.706)

1.406

0.238

(0.799

2.475)

Residence

 Urban

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Rural

0.556

0.040

(0.317

0.974)

0.827

0.422

(0.520

1.315)

0.658

0.051

(0.432

1.002)

0.654

0.002

(0.499

0.859)

Highest Level of Education

 No Education

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Primary

2.057

0.061

(0.968

4.371)

1.195

0.562

(0.655

2.179)

3.525

0.008

(1.386

8.964)

2.928

0.032

(1.099

7.801)

 Secondary

3.080

0.009

(1.322

7.175)

2.330

0.015

(1.179

4.606)

3.389

0.015

(1.263

9.092)

3.584

0.011

(1.333

9.636)

Current Marital Status

 Never in union

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Married/Living with Partner

1.934

0.003

(1.258

2.975)

2.867

0.000

(1.928

4.263)

2.408

0.000

(1.562

3.712)

4.131

0.000

(3.071

5.559)

 Widowed/Separated/Divorced

0.708

0.551

(0.227

2.207)

0.837

0.727

(0.309

2.271)

3.199

0.016

(1.247

8.208)

1.423

0.351

(0.678

2.984)

Currently Working

 No

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

1.000

   

 Yes

1.614

0.023

(1.070

2.436)

1.276

0.243

(0.847

1.921)

1.392

0.127

(0.911

2.127)

1.345

0.037

(1.018

1.777)

 sigma_u

0.565

 

(0.261

1.223)

0.004

 

(0.000

120,604.000)

0.005

 

(3.04E-16

8.78E-10)

0.281

 

(0.051

1.538)

 rho

0.088

 

(0.020

0.313)

0.000

 

(0.000

1.000)

8.12E-06

 

(2.81E-32

1.000)

0.023

 

(0.001

0.418)