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Table 3 Association between non-user of contraceptives with demand- and supply-side factors

From: Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018

 

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

1990–1991

2006–2007

2012–2013

2017–2018

1990–1991

2006–2007

2012–2013

2017–2018

Demand-side factors

Media exposure

0.396 (0.353–0.442)

0.432 (0.391–0.477)

0.664 (0.562–0.784)

0.654 (0.483–0.885)

Desire for more children

5.594 (4.528–6.911)

2.414 (2.140–2.722)

1.939 (1.761–2.136)

3.434 (3.120–3.780)

4.835 (3.803–6.147)

4.817 (3.972–5.841)

0.838 (0.627–1.119)

0.860 (0.632–1.161)

Intimate partner violence

1.038 (0.866–1.243)

1.040 (0.860–1.258)

0.801 (0.625–1.026)

0.875 (0.658–1.164)

Decisional autonomy

0.471 (0.415–0.534)

0.781 (0.702–0.869)

0.928 (0.799–1.077)

0.853 (0.647–1.125)

Permission to go for medical or health facility

0.393 (0.348–0.444)

0.580 (0.520–0.647)

0.729 (0.606–0.870)

1.238 (0.888–1.727)

Getting medical help for self: Not wanting to go alone

0.473 (0.430–0.521)

0.597 (0.543–0.656)

0.901 (0.780–1.040)

1.119 (0.816–1.534)

Having sons

        

 No

0.390 (0.164–0.925)

0.401 (0.202–0.797)

1.036 (0.531–2.022)

1.082 (0.439–2.668)

0.692 (0.262–1.830)

0.112 (0.022–0.583)

0.900 (0.413–1.961)

0.271 (0.150–0.490)

 1–3

0.709 (0.311–1.619)

0.824 (0.422–1.609)

1.829 (0.945–3.540

2.331 (0.951–5.711)

1.280 (0.534–3.073)

0.211 (0.041–1.076)

1.574 (0.743–3.338)

1.516 (0.846–2.716)

 4–6

0.890 (0.382–2.076)

1.006 (0.508–1.992)

1.954 (0.996–3.833)

2.481 (1.001–6.150)

0.923 (0.376–2.263)

0.323 (0.063–1.663)

1.795 (0.840–3.834)

1.779 (0.985–3.216)

Supply-side factors

Distance to health facility

0.436 (0.395–0.482)

0.552 (0.503–0.606)

0.775 (0.656–0.916)

0.773 (0.554–1.078)

Transport availability

2.474 (2.244–2.728)

0.654 (0.555–0.777)

Visited by family planning worker in past 12 months

0.583 (0.514–0.660)

1.428(1.271–1.603)

0.614 (0.560–0.674)

0.668 (0.558–0.800)

0.732 (0.651–0.823)

0.631 (0.480–0.828)

  1. Analysis is adjusted for age of mother, type of residence, region, mothers’ education, wealth, and occupation