Table 1 Summary of study characteristics by intervention goal and in total

Publication year

2000–2010, n (%)

17 (19.5)

2 (50)

4 (22.2)

2 (40)

8 (17.4)

1 (7.1)

2011 - Jan 2018, n (%)

70 (80.5)

2 (50)

14 (77.8)

3 (60)

38 (82.6)

13 (92.9)

Country

United States, n (%)

40 (46.0)

2 (50)

14 (77.8)

4 (80)

12 (26.1)

8 (57.1)

Australia, n (%)

14 (16.1)

1 (25)

1 (5.6)

–

11 (23.9)

1 (7.1)

Sweden, n (%)

5 (5.8)

–

2 (11.1)

1 (20)

2 (4.4)

–

Canada, n (%)

4 (4.6)

–

–

–

4 (8.7)

–

Denmark, n (%)

3 (3.5)

–

–

–

3 (6.5)

–

Other, n (%)

21 (24.1)

1 (25)

1 (5.6)

–

14 (30.4)

5 (35.7)

Number of participants

Total

26, 750

976

3878

586

15,929

5381

Mean ± SD

307.5 ± 459.7

244 ± 198.2

215.4 ± 313.7

117.2 ± 65.9

346.3 ± 502.6

384.4 ± 555.1

Median

150

166

82.5

102

197.5

237.5

Range

16–2500

67–577

18–1325

40–194

16–2500

36–2280

Participant inclusion criteria: Age

Broad range- all childbearing women, n (%)

54 (62.1)

–

12 (66.7)

1 (20)

29 (63.0)

12 (85.7)

Younger age groups (< 30 years), n (%)

5 (5.8)

1 (25)

1 (5.6)

1 (20)

1 (2.2)

1 (7.1)

Specific/limited range, n (%)

12 (13.8)

3 (75)

2 (11.1)

3 (60)

2 (4.4)

–

Age range not reported, n (%)

18 (20.7)

–

3 (16.7)

–

14 (30.4)

1 (7.1)

Participant inclusion criteria: BMI^a

Underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese, n (%)

2 (2.3)

–

–

–

2 (4.4)

–

Underweight, healthy weight and overweight, n (%)

1 (1.2)

–

–

–

1 (2.2)

–

Healthy weight and overweight, n (%)

1 (1.2)

–

–

1 (20)

–

–

Healthy weight, overweight and obese, n (%)

16 (18.4)

–

3 (16.7)

1 (20)

10 (21.7)

2 (14.3)

Overweight only, n (%)

1 (1.2)

–

1 (5.6)

–

–

–

Overweight and obese, n (%)

36 (41.4)

4 (100)

12 (66.7)

3 (60)

13 (28.3)

4 (28.6)

Obese only, n (%)

9 (10.3)

–

–

–

7 (15.2)

2 (14.3)

Not reported, n (%)

21 (24.1)

2 (11.1)

13 (28.3)

6 (42.9)

Participant inclusion criteria: Pregnancy related

Antenatal, n (%)

59 (67.8)

–

–

–

45 (97.8)

14 (100)

Postpartum, n (%)

18 (20.7)

–

18 (100)

–

–

–

Planning pregnancy, n (%)

1 (1.15)

–

–

–

1 (2.2)

–

Not pregnancy related, n (%)

9 (10.3)

4 (100)

–

5 (100)

–

–

Participant inclusion criteria: Other

Parity, n (%)

5 (5.8)

–

–

–

3 (6.5)

2 (14.3)

Ethnicity, n (%)

12 (13.8)

1 (25)

2 (11.1)

3 (60)

3 (6.5)

3 (21.4)

Socio-economic status, n (%)

10 (11.5)

1 (25)

4 (22.2)

1 (20)

3 (6.5)

1 (7.1)

Clinical condition, n (%)

5 (5.8)

1 (25)

2 (11.1)

–

–

2 (14.3)