Guideline | Verification list | Smadi et al. [20] | Farhard et al. [19] | Abd-Ali et al. [21] | Domingues et al. [23] | Brusca et al. [22] | Haerian-Ardakani Et al. [24] | Vijai et al. [24] | Kazerooni et al. [30] | Seck et al. [34] | Mullally et al. [32] | Tiachman et al. [35] | Tilakaratne et al. [36] | Jensen et al. [28] | Pankhurst et al. [33] | Kalkawarf et al. [29] | Grower et al. [27] | Knight et al. [31] | Elashiry et al. [26] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study design appropriate to objectives? | Objective common design | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||
Prevalence Cross-sectional | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | 0 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ||||
Prognosis Cohort | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |||||
Treatment controled trial | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ||||
Cause Cohort, case–control, cross-sectional | 0 | X | X | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | − | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Study sample representative? | Source of sample | + | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 |
Sampling method | + | 0 | 0 | ++ | + | + | ++ | + | + | + | 0 | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ | |
Sample size | + | ++ | 0 | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | + | 0 | ++ | + | 0 | |
Entry criteria/exclusion | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | |
Non-respondents | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Control group acceptable? | Definition of controls | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | + | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 |
Source of controls | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | |
Matching/randomization | + | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0 | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | |
Comparable characteristics | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | 0 | 0 | |
Quality of measurements and outcomes? | Validity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Reproducibility | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Blinding | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | 0 | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Quality control | 0 | + | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | |
Completeness | Compliance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Drop outs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Deaths | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | + | ++ | ++ | 0 | + | |
Distortion influences? | Extraneous treatments | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 |
Contamination | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Changes over time | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Confounding factors | + | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | 0 | + | ++ | − | + | + | ++ | 0 | + | + | ++ | 0 | ||
Distortion reduces by analysis | 0 | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | − | ++ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | ++ | ++ | 0 | ||
Summary questions | Bias: are the results erroneously biased in certain direction? | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Confusion: Are there any serious confusing or other distorting influences? | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | |
Chances: Is it likely that the results occurred by chance? | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |