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Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Sample, Stratified by Time 3 PTSD Service Connection Status and Stratified by Sex

From: Reversals in initially denied Department of Veterans Affairs’ PTSD disability claims after 17 years: a cohort study of gender differences

Characteristic

Time 3 PTSD service connection status

Sex

SC − 

N = 579

SC + 

N = 337

Men

N = 253

Women

N = 663

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Race/ethnicity

    

White

371 (64.1%)

220 (65.3%)***

164 (64.8%)

427 (64.4%)***

Black or African American

150 (25.9%)

87 (25.8%)***

64 (25.3%)

173 (26.1%)***

Hispanic

31 (5.4%)

17 (5.0%)***

16 (6.3%)

32 0(4.8%)***

Other

46 (7.9%)

31 (9.2%)***

19) 0(7.5%

58 0(8.7%)***

Served during Vietnam Conflict

199 (34.4%)

167 (49.6%)***

207 (81.8%)

159 (24.0%)***

Married at Time 1

230 (60.3%)

124 (36.8%)***

122 (48.2%)

232 (35.0%)***

History of combat exposure

220 (38.0%)

184 (54.6%)***

220 (87.0%)

184 (27.8%)***

History of military sexual assault

273 (47.2%)

173 (51.3%)***

16 (6.3%)

430 (64.9%)***

Any PTSD diagnosis, 1994–2006

328 (56.6%)

301 (89.3%)***

180 (71.1%)

449 (67.7%)***

  1. PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder, SC − not service connected, SC + is service connected
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001